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Biology Unit 5: Heredity

Terms in this set (29)

Polygenic Inheritance
When several genes influence a trait
Allele
A version of gene
Codominance
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Autosomes
Chromosomes 1-44 in a human
Recessive
Only expressed in the homozygous state
Sex-Linked
Genes that travel on the X chromosome
Law of Independent Assortment
Chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase therefore it is possible for any combination of chromosomes to be passed on from parent to offspring
Karyotype
A diagram that shows homologous chromosome pairs
Protein
The macromolecule that runs your body and expresses your traits
Heterozygous
A genotype resulting from the inheritance of two different alleles from your parents
Gene
Section of a chromosome that codes for a single protein
Linked Genes
Genes that are likely inherited together due to their physical proximity
Dominant
Overshadows the other allele in the heterozygous state
Phenotype
The physical trait expressed
Multiple Alleles
More than 2 versions of a gene (more than just a "dominant" and a "recessive")
Chromosome
Condensed genetic material
Epistasis
When one gene overshadows another
Law of Segregation
At the end of Meiosis, each gamete formed should only have 1 copy from each homologous chromosome pair
Homozygous
A genotype resulting from the inheritance of the same alleles from your parents
DNA
The macromolecule that has the instructions for making who you are
Incomplete Dominance
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where the two alleles are blended together
Genotype
The actual alleles you inherit
Sex Chromosomes
The chromosomes that determine your sex
Carrier
A person that has the gene for a trait or disease but doesn't show it
Law of Dominance
Some versions of genes are dominant over others
Gene Mutation
- Happens during DNA Replication and changes the original DNA sequence
- Example: Dawrfism or Cystic Fibrosis
Point Mutation
When one molecule is substituted for another molecule
Frameshift Mutation
The insertion or deletion of a nucleotide
Chromosome Mutation
- Happens during Meiosis and changes the number or location of a gene
- Example: Down Syndrome or Turner's Syndrome
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