American History Chapter 23

Terms in this set (35)

Cesar Chavez
Mexican-American farm worker, started a movement of Spanish-speaking farm workers of California to start a movement, believed that as a group farmers would have a better chance of bargaining believed in uisng nonviolent tactics
Background of Latinos
From Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, Mexican-Americans are the largest group, Puerto Rican's begin coming in 1898, Cuban communities begin forming in NYC, NJ, and Miami, in 1959 some Cubans flee to the U.S. due to Castro's communist rule, many Latinos encountered prejudice and discrimination in jobs and housing, most lived in barrios
Barrios
Spanish speaking neighborhoods
What were Latinos were fighting for?
Equal opportunities in jobs, education, and housing, respect for their heritage and culture
United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
Organization that incorporated fruit and vegetable workers, organized to get companies to accept and bargain with the Union for better working conditions
Brown Berets
Organized by David Sanchez, set up 1968 protest, organized a walkout in an East Los Angeles High School to protest (for smaller classes and more Chicano teachers and administrators), wanted programs designed to reduce the rate of dropouts for Latinos
Hardships faced by Native Americans
Poorest of Americans, suffered the highest unemployment rates, more likely to suffer from tuberculosis and alcoholism, death rate among Native American infants was two times the nationals average, many of the reform programs placed Native Americans in urban settings
American Indian Movement (AIM)
Began in 1968, self defense group against police brutality, demanded that Native American lands, burial grounds, fishing and timber rights be restored, new respect for their culture, got the government to promise to re-examine treaties
Trail of Broken Treaties
Russell Means, goal was to protest the government's treaty violations throughout history, nationwide, wanted 110 million acres of land restored, pushed for the abolition of the corrupt Indian of Bureau Affairs, some protests became violent, AIM did get the government to promise to re-examine treaties
Native American victories
Education, gained some of the land taken from broken treaties, legal recognition of their tribal lands
Reynolds v. Sims
Extended the principle of "one person, one vote", ruled that equal protection clause required representation in state legislature be based on population, adjust as population base shifts
Betty Friedan
Wrote The Feminine Mystique, writer, feminist, women activist
Feminism
The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men
What percentage of women were in the work force in the 1960's?
40%
Typical jobs for women in the 1960's
Clerical work, retail sales, domestic, social work, teaching, nursing, frequently poorly paid, if doing the same job as a male would be paid less
What triggered women to started their own protests?
Civil Rights Movement and Antiwar Movement
Feminism
The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men
What percentage of women were in the work force in the 1960's?
40%
Typical jobs for women in the 1960's
Clerical work, retail sales, domestic, social work, teaching, nursing, frequently poorly paid, if doing the same job as a male would be paid less
What triggered women to started their own protests?
Civil Rights Movement and Antiwar Movement
Civil Rights Act of 1964
No discrimination based on race, religion, National origin, or gender
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Handled discrimination claims
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Pursued women's goals, creation of child care facilities, enforce the ban on gender guidelines for employers stating that they could no longer refuse to hire women for traditionally male jobs
Gains/setbacks for women
Protesting the exclusion from sports, started using the term "Ms.", refused to adopt their husbands last name
Roe v. Wade
Women have the right to choose an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)- 1972
Guaranteed that both men and women would enjoy the same protection under the law, never passed
Phyllis Schlafly
Protestor of ERA
Arguments of ERA
Drafting of women, end laws protecting homemakers, end husbands responsibility to provide for his family, same-sex marriage
New Right Movement
Protested ERA, against abortion, social conservatism, opposed many of the women's movement ideas
Counterculture
Movement made up of mostly white, middle class, college youths, most were disillusioned with the war in Vietnam and injustices in America during the 1960's
Age of Aquarius
Hippy movement, Rock n Roll, outrageous clothing, sexual license, illegal drugs, T-shirts, jeans, love beads, long hair, peace signs
Haight Ashbury
Hippy capital in San Francisco, did not outlaw the usage of hallucinogenic drugs until 1966
Counterculture's mark on History
Rock singers like Janice Joplin and Jimi Hendrix, pop art, Warhol, the Beatles (British band from England), Woodstock (400,000 showed up for a music festival in upstate New York)
Conservative Response
Believed lost sense of right and wrong, "Revolutionary terrorism" on campuses and cities (J. Edgar Hoover), put a conservative (Nixon) into the White House
Betty Friedan
Wrote The Feminine Mystique, writer, feminist, women activist
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