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APUSH Supreme Court Cases

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Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall)
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Terms in this set (46)
Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall)
The court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review
Fletcher v. Peck (1810, Marshall)
The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upholds the sanctity of contracts.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall)
The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819, Marshall)
New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824, Marshall)
Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce.
Johnson v. McIntosh (1823, Marshall)
Established that Indian tribes had rights to tribal lands that preceded all other American law; only the federal government could take land from the tribes.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall)
"The conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any two people in existence," Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, "their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. . .(they were a) domestic dependent nation." Established a "trust relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832, Marshall)
Established tribal autonomy within their boundaries, i.e. the tribes were "distinct political communities, having territorial boundaries within which their authority is exclusive."
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837, Taney)
The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society's interest over private interest.
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842, Taney)
Declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon.
Scott v. Sanford (1857, Taney)
Speaking for a widely divided court, Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court; Scott's residence in a free state and territory had not made him free since he returned to Missouri; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory (based on the 5th Amendment right of a person to be secure from seizure of property), thus voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Ex Parte Merryman (1861, Taney)
American Civil War case contesting the president's power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus during a national emergency.
Ex parte Milligan (1866)
Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available.
Munn v. Illinois (1877)
Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses of a public nature (i.e. RR's)
Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886)
Declared state-passed Granger laws that regulated interstate commerce unconstitutional.