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Chapter 29

Terms in this set (43)

Absorption
process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the blood stream. Influenced on:
*Route of administration- orally:take longest to absorb, Injected:faster, Intravenously: direct to bloodstream.
*Lipid solubility-more lipid soluble can be aborbed more readily thru cell membrane
*PH-Acidic:well absorbed in stomach, Basic:remain ionized or insoluble in acidic environment.These are not absorbed b4 reaching the small intestine.
*Blood flow-absorption is increased w increased bloodflow
*Local conditions at the site of administration: more extensive the absorbing surface the greater the absorption of the drug and more rapid the effect. food in stomach delay absorption
*Drug dosage: loading dose
pharmacotherapeutics
drug dosing is to give a dose that achieves the desired therapeutic effect of drug.
Distrubtion
after a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream its distributed thruout the body. depends on blood flow to the tissues, the drugs ability to leave the bloodstream and drugs ability to enter cells.
metabolism
biotransformation, the change from its original form to a new form that can be excreted
pharmacodynamics
drugs acts as the cellular level to acheive the desired effects. the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body
excretion
after the drug is broken down to an inactive form
pharamcolgy
the study that deals with chemicals that affect the bodys functioning
Generic name
identifies the drugs active ingredient, is the name assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug. often derived from chemical name
Official name
by which the drug is identified in the official publications, US pharmacopeia and National Formulary. Often the generic name.
Trade name
brand name pr proprietary name, is selected by the drug company that sells the drug and is protected by trademark.
Drug Classification
are groups of drugs that share similar characteristics. These control substances have 5 classes with the first being illeagal
pharmacokinetics
is the effect of the body on the drug. It is the movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drug absorption, disturbutun, metabolism and execration.
Therapeutic effect
is the desired outcome in medication administration, sometimes secondary undesirable effects occur
Adverse drug
Undesirable effects other that the intended therapeutic effect of a drug.
allergic effect
is an immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drugs.
anaphylactic reaxion anaphylaxis
the most serious allergic affect. is life threating and results in respiratory distress sudden severe bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse.
Drug tolerance
the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug overa period of time
toxic effects
groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or health.
commulative effect
when the body cannot metabolize one dose of a drug before another one is administered
Idiosycratic effect
(paradoxical) is any unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of the expected response.
drug interactions
occur when one drug is affected in some way by another drug, food, or other substance that is taken at the same time.
antagonist effect
drug-drug interaction, the combined effect of 2 or more drugs acting simultaneously produces an effect either less that that of each drug alone
synergistic effect
rug-drug interaction, the combined effect of 2 or more drugs acting simultaneously produces an effect greater than each drug alone
Factors affecting drug actoin
-disease-age-weight-sex-culture-gentetic factors...
teratogenic
drugs that impact the fetus
Therapeutic Range
the concentration of drug in the blood serum the produces the desired effect w/o cuzing toxicity
peak level
highest plasma concentration of the drug should be measured when absorption is complete.
trough level
lowest concentration and this specimen is usually drawn in the 30min interval b4 the next dose
half-life
the amount of time it takes for 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body.
p.r.n
as needed
stat order
a single order, but it is carried out immediately
3 checks for medical administraion
label should be read. 1. when the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package;
2. after retrieval from the drawer and compared with the CMAR, or compared to it immediately before pouring from a multi dose container 3. when replacing the container to the drawer or shelf or before giving the unit dose medication to the patient.
CMAR
1-right medication 2-right patient 3-right dosage 4-right route 5-right time 6- right reason 7-right documentation
identifying patient
2 identifers must be used
ampule
a glass flask that contains a single dose of medication for parenteral administration
intramuscular injections
deliver medication thru the skin and subcutaneous tissues into certain muscles
z-track
for all intramuscular injections to ensure medication does not leak bak along the needle track n into the subcutaneous tissue
intravenous route
most dangerous route of administration cuz the drug is placed directly into the bloodstream, cannot be recalled n its actions cannot be slowed.
piggyback delivery system
requires the intermittent or additive solution to be placed higher than the primary solution container
volume-control adminstration set
for intermitted intravenous infusion
mini-infusion set
syring pump, for imittent infusion is battery operated and allows medication mixed in a syring to be connected to the primary line n delivered by mechanical pressure applied to the string plunger.
topical applications
usually intended for direct action at a particular site, altho some can have systemic effects and are given for systemic effect
inhalation
aerosolized, delivered in small particles, and breathed in by the patient
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