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(UA BSC 114 Exam 4) Chapter 24: The Origin of Species

Terms in this set (29)

Speciation
The origin of new species; at the focal point of evolutionary theory.
True or false: Speciation can take place with or without geographical separation..
True
2 types of speciation:
1.
2.
1. Allopatric speciation
2. Sympatric speciation
Allopatric specation
Gene flow is interrupted or reduced when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations due, for example, to geological changes over time or immigration.
Sympatric speciation
A subset of a population forms new species without geographic separation, for example, due to mutations or non-random mating (e.g., females select males based on appearance).
Two patterns of speciaiton:
1.
2.
1. Punctuated pattern
2. Gradual pattern
Punctuated pattern
Perios of little change followed by periods of rapid evolution.
Gradual pattern
Slow pace of speciation over longer period of time.
Microevolution
Consists of changes in allele frequency in a population over time.
Macroevolution
Refers to broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level.
E.O. Wilson
B.S. and M.S. at UA
Ph.D. at Harvard
The "father of biodiversity"
Specializes in the study of ants.
Two time Pulitzer Prize winner
Biological species concept
States that a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring and do not breed successfully with other population; emphasizes reproductive isolation and absence of gene flow.
Can the biological species concept be applied to fossils or asexual organisms?
No
Reproductive islation
The existence of biological barriers that impede two species from producing viable, fertile offspring, is a mojor source of speciation.
Hybrids
The offspring of crosses between different species.
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