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Wainwright Hon Bio Circulatory System

Terms in this set (40)

What is the job of the circulatory system?
The job of the circulatory system is to transport food and oxygen to all of the living cells in a human body.It also must pick up waste products from those cells so that they can be eliminated from the body.
What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, blood vessels.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
What is the lub-dub sound we hear when listening to the heart?
The sound of heart valves closing. Systole is lub sound. Diastole is dub sound.
Name the three types of blood vessels.
Arteries, capillaries, veins.
What two things help the blood in veins return to the heart?
One-way valves, and the fact that veins are between leg muscles so when a person walks, the contracting and relaxing muscles help push the blood along.
What do the two numbers recorded while measuring blood pressure represent? For instance, a healthy young adult might have a blood pressure of 120 over 80.
The first number is the pressure of blood as it is pushed by the ventricles. The other number is the pressure at rest while the ventricles are refilling.
How much blood is contained in an average adult?
5 liters.
What are the four components of blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What does the hemoglobin in red blood cells do to help the circulatory system?
Hemoglobin attracts and holds onto oxygen molecules. It carries the oxygen through the circulatory system.
What is the role of the circulatory system?
Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body & removal of metabolic wastes.
What are the four major components of blood and what are their functions?
-Platelets- clot blood
-Red blood cells- transport oxygen to all living tissue of the body & carry away carbon dioxide
-White blood cells- gets rid of dead blood cells & fights infection
-Plasma- carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, while providing nutrients to the body
Describe the path of blood through the heart. Be sure to identify the four chambers of the heart.
The heart consists of 4 chambers in which blood flows: the left and right atria, and left and right ventricle. Blood enters the right atrium and passes through the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium. From the left atrium blood flows into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the blood to the aorta which will distribute the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels? How are they different and how are they designed to carry out their function?
-Arteries: carry the blood away from the heart
-Capillaries: enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues
-Veins: carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart
Why must blood be matched before a blood transfusion?
To ensure that donor blood is compatible with the recipients to make sure there are not foreign blood pathogens entering your body.
Why is the left ventricle the hardest working heart chamber?
Because it's attached to the aorta.
Why do doctors often do blood tests to count white blood cells? Why would such a count be helpful?
If there is a lot of white blood cells present, it is indicative of the body fighting off an infection and/or germs.
It is recommended that blood pressure be measured at least once a year. There are two numbers recorded during this process. What do these numbers represent?
Top #- pressure in blood vessels during heart contraction (systolic pressure.) Bottom #-pressure between beats (diastolic pressure.)
What is hypertension?
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Why is exercise and a healthy diet important to maintaining a strong circulatory system?
Improves/maintains proper blood flow and reduces risk of artery clogging.
artery
muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
vein
vessel that carries blood to the heart from the venules
capillary
exchange nutrients with tissue
atria
two superior chambers of the heart, serve as receiving chambers
ventricle
the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body
aorta
the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
plasma
mostly water where proteins, salts, nutrients, & wastes are dissolved
red blood cell
erythrocytes; carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
white blood cell
leukocytes; defends body against infections/disease
platelets
pieces of large cells called megacyrotes; help clot blood , especially at site on an injury
coronary circulation
circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle
hemoglobin
containing protein that gives blood its red color; binds to oxygen in the lungs
bone marrow
soft spongy tissue that fills the cavities of large bones; generates the cell-based complements of blood
fibrin
clotting protein formed in blood in response to wounds; binds with others for matrices for blood cells
clot
thickened mass in the blood formed by platelets
pacemaker
a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
cardiac muscles
specialized muscles of the heart; initiates own contractions
one-way valve
valve in the heart that has blood flow through it in exclusively one direction
pulmonary artery
carries oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide waste
pulmonary veins
veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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