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Construction

Terms in this set (46)

Corner Post
The wall stud and spacer blocks that create an interior nailing surface for drywall at a framed corner.
Crown
The upward bow, curve or rise along the length of a board. Deck boards are set on end with the crown up. Over time, the crown will sag and the board will straighten.
Fascia
The visible flat front board that caps the rafter tail ends and fly rafter edges.
Floor Joists
The main subfloor framing members that support the floor span. Joist are usually made of engineered wood I-beams or 2x8 (or larger) lumber.
Fly Rafters
The end rafters that form the outside edge of the roof's rake (overhang).
Header
A beam placed perpendicular to wall suds above doors, windows or other openings on load-bearing walls to carry the weight of structural loads.
Joist
Parallel framing member installed horizontally to support floor and ceiling loads.
Joist Hangers
Metal brackets designed to hold joist ends. Using hangers is usually faster and easier than toenailing joists.
Miter
An angled cut, usually 45°. Unlike a compound miter cut, the saw blade remains straight at 0°.
On Center (O.C.)
The term used to define the measured spacing between studs, joists, rafters, etc. O.C. measurements are taken from the center of one member to the center of the adjoining member.
Penny
A term applied to nails that originally meant the price per hundred. Today, it indicates nail length and is abbreviated with the letter "d," the English sign for one cent.
Plumb
The term used to define a vertical element that is perfectly perpendicular to a level surface above or below.
Plywood
A piece of wood made of three or more layers of wood veneer laminated together with glue. Is often used on homes as roof sheathing, wall sheathing, and subfloor.
Pitch
The angle of the roof slope, measured as "X" inches per 12" (x/12). Roof pitches commonly range from 4/12 to 8/12. To calculate a roof's pitch, place a carpenter's level positioned level on roof line, measure out 12" on the level, from that 12" point measure down to the roof line. This figure (i.e. 4" to 8") is the first number of the pitch.
Sill
The piece of structural wood forming the lower side of a window opening.
Sill Plate
The horizontal wood member that is anchored to the foundation masonry to provide a nailing surface for floors or walls built above.
Span
The distance between the structural supports in walls, floors, ceilings and roofs.
Stud
A 2x4 or 2x6 vertical framing member used to construct walls and partitions.
Subfloor
Oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood installed over joists on which the finish floor is laid.
Tack
A temporary nailer. An object is "tacked" into place to assist in positioning, measuring, handling, etc
Toenailing
Starting a nail at an angle or slant in one framing member and driving it through into a second (usually perpendicular) framing piece.
Top Plate
The top horizontal framing members of a framed wall. They are usually doubled .
Bottom Plate or Sole Plate
The bottom horizontal framing members of a framed wall. Lies on the foundation wall or floor box.
Cripple Stud
Short studs that span the distance between the top plates and header.
Jack Stud
A stud spanning from the sole plate to the header. Supports the header.
Foundation
The base of the structure that supports all other framing members. Is buried underground and is made or concrete block or poured concrete.
Footing
Structure that transfers the load (weight) of the house to the soil, supports the foundation. Is wider than the foundation and normally built with poured concrete and reinforcing rod.
Rafters
Joists that are mounted in an inclined position to support a roof.
Truss
A structure made of short, straight members organized into triangles that supports the roof of a house or building.
OSB-oriented strand board
A type of engineered sheet lumber similar to particle board, formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands (flakes) in specific orientations.
Soffit
The underside of a roof overhang. Often have vents or are made of perforated material to facilitate attic ventilation.
Eave
The section of the roof that overhangs the walls of a house.
Roof Sheathing
Plywood or OSB attached laid over the trusses or rafters of the roof. Serves as the base for the underlayment and roof material.
Beam
Horizontal supports attached each side of posts that supports the trusses or roof joists. Typically made with untreated 2x12 lumber.
Posts
Vertical support timbers set into the ground and anchored with concrete. Supports the beams and roof. Are typically treated 4x4, 4x6, 6x6, 8x8, etc.
Trusses
Engineered frame of beams that support the roof. Are normally purchased pre-made and placed at 48" on-center.
Purlins
Horizontal bracing applied to the roof of the barn. Run perpendicular to the trusses and support the roof.
Girts
Horizontal bracing applied to the wall of the building. Provide support to the walls between posts and provide a nailing surface for siding.
Grade Board or Splash Board
A treated board attached to the posts at grade level that serves as a nailing surface for siding. Are typically 2x8, but sizes can vary.
Siding
Material applied the walls of the building. Most commonly is steel siding sheets, but can be wood, vinyl, or any other siding material desired.
8 Feet
Most common spacing between posts.
2 Feet
Most common spacing between girts and purlins.
4 Feet
Most common spacing between trusses.
Concrete
Pole barn posts are anchored with________________.
Rafters
Joists that are mounted in an inclined position to support a roof. Can be used in place of trusses.
Rafter Ties
Angled metal pieces with nail holes designed to attach rafters or trusses to the beams.
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