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chapter 10

Terms in this set (38)

what is emotion?
a feeling that involves state of physiological arousal and some kind of physical expression
emotions as social signals
help regulate social interaction
the importance of emotion regulation
managing arousal to adapt to circumstances and achieve a goal-thinking before acting
frontal lobe
logic, as it develops emotion regulation develops
primary emotions
first year, joy, sadness, disgust, anger, surprise, fear
secondary/self-conscious emotions
1 1/2-2 1/2 years, empathy, jealousy, embarrassment, pride, guilt, shame
what reduces stranger anxiety?
if infant can stay close to mom or dad, familiar environment, parent is relaxed and positive
emotion regulation in infancy
seeking parents touch, voice, and rocking/swaying; towards end of year they develop self-soothing skills; self-distraction helps
emotion regulation in childhood
increase in emotion vocabulary and emotional understanding; learn how/when/what emotions are appropriate to express; need caregivers to help them understand their emotions
emotion regulation in middle to late childhood
pride and shame become self-generated; suppressing or concealing emotions; better emotion management; empathy becomes more pronounced
emotion regulation in adolescence
moodiness; disproportionate response; depression (more girls than boys)
emotion regulation in adulthood
gets better as we get older; socio-emotional selectivity theory
socio-emotioinal selectivity theory
older adults surround themselves with people with whom they have rewarding relationships
what is temperament?
individual differences in emotional and behavioral styles; reactivity; emotion regulation
components of temperament
positivity: extraversion/surgency/activity
negative affect: fear/frustration/sadness
effortful control: attentional focus/self-soothing/regulation
genetic influences on temperament
biological/physiological roots
links with heart rate, brain activation
twin studies: moderate heritability
environmental influences on temperament
parental behaviors
"goodness of fit"=how well parenting behaviors affect baby's temperament
Temperament can affect...
parent-child relationship and attachment
social development
peer relationships
some studies suggest long-term links
what is attachment?
close emotional bond between two people
parent-child (most research)
romantic relationships
why do we develop attachments?
infancy, childhood: survival, security
adults: emotional security
the strange situation
lab procedure that puts older infants under mild/moderate stress, observes how they interact with their parent; premise: under stress, should seek out caregiver for comfort and security
secure attachment
60-65% of American infants
use mom as secure base
upset by separation from mom
seek proximity to mom when she returns
insecure-avoidant attachment
20%
little distress when mom leaves
ignore, avoid,or turn away from mom at reunion
insecure-resistant attachment
10-15%
clingy, don't explore
upset at seperation
ambivalent about mom's return
often appear angry at reunion
insecure-disorganized attachment
5-10%
unusual behavior in lab
extreme fearfulness
self-soothing
dazed
unpredictable at reunion
quality of caregiving: secure infants
parents who tend to show high levels of sensitivity, positive attitude, responsiveness
quality of caregiving: resistant infants
inconsistent parents
quality of caregiving: avoidant infants
tend to have parents who are either not meeting infants needs or are constantly over-stimulating
quality of caregiving: disorganized infants
may have parents who are physically abusive, neglectful, depressed, withdrawn, etc.
internal working models
Bowlby
mental representations about the self as lovable and worthy of care, and caregivers as trustworthy and able to provide care
why are early attachments so important?
internal working models
based on parental responsiveness and care
affects view of self, later relationships
attachment in adolescence
attachments to parents are still important
begin dating, romantic attachments
different motivations
secure attachment in adulthood
comfortable in romantic relationships, not particularly jealous, find it easy to trust other people
avoidant attachment in adulthood
more dismissing view, less comfortable, put a wall up, harder time trusting, independent
anxious attachment in adulthood
preoccupied, anxious that relationship will end, need a lot of reassurance, tend to be jealous and possessive
romantic love
passionate, early in relationships, younger, infatuation/attraction
affectionate love
companionate, later in relationships, older couples, caring/attachment
sternberg's triarchic theory of love
love has three dimensions: passion, intimacy, commitment
passion only=infatuation
intimacy+commitment=affection
passion+commitment=fatuous love
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