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AP Psych: Unit 1
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Terms in this set (53)
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
4 Goals of Psychology
-description
-explanation
-prediction
-influence/modify
Empiricism/Empirical
knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experiment
Behavior
psychology is behavioral science
Aristotle
questioned everything; god and government
Locke
tabula rasa; learn through experience
Descartes
"I think therefore I am"; ideas are innate (biological)
Darwin
believes in evolution, very controversial
Wilhelm Wundt
father of psychology, opened first psychology lab
Structuralism
broke down consciousness to basic thoughts (mind structure)
Edward Titchener
believes in structuralism
Introspection
self-observation of one's own conscious experiences
Functionalism
investigate the function, or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure (how the mind adapts)
William James
American father of Psychology, wrote first textbook
Phrenology
studies the bumps on the head to determine human behavior (false science)
Gestalt
"the whole is different than the sum of its parts"; deals with a lot of perception
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
study of unconscious motives and conflicts that determine behavior, fostered during early childhood; sex and aggression
Sigmund Freud
started psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
scientific psychology should focus on observable behavior
Ivan Pavlov
dog
John Watson
little Albert
B.F. Skinner
rat
Cognitive
memory (encoding, storage, retrieval), perception, language, development, and problem solving
Cognition
mental processes involved in acquiring, processing storing, and using information
Jean Piaget
administered Binet's IQ test; cognitive development in children
Biological
how the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Humanistic
everybody is trying to reach their full potential, free will, love, and relationships
Carl Rodgers
believed in "client centered therapy"
Abraham Maslow
came up with hierarchy needs
Socio-Cultural
focuses on cultures, social norms, influence, and predict behavior
Evolutionary Perspective
focuses on Darwinism, inherited behaviors, ensured ancestors survival (Charles Darwin and Natural Selection)
Eclectic View of Psychology (Biopsychosocial)
view of psychology, takes bits and pieces of many of all perspectives to explain behavior
Nature
genetics, heredity, biology
Nurture
how we were raised, experiences
Psychologist
someone who is trained to observe and influence behavior in people
Psychiatrist
a medical doctor that can prescribe medicine
Basic (Research) Psychology
study of origin, cause of results of behavior
Applied Psychology
make direct use of findings to tackle practical problems
Developmental Psychology
conducts and applies research in age-related behavioral changes
Personality Psychology
studies of an individual's characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Educational Psychology
studies relationships between learning and environments
School Psychology
assesses and intervenes with children in a school setting
Social Psychology
studies how situations affect our behavior and thinking
Health Psychology
provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
Industrial/Organization Psychology
studies the relationship between people and their work environments, also concerned with consumers
Counseling Psychologist
helps with adjustment problems
Clinical Psychologist
studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Forensic Psychologist
applies psychological principles in the areas of research, policy, and law enforcement
Sports Psychologist
studies the factors involved in physical activities to apply it to everyday knowledge
Dorothea Dix
made efforts on behalf of the mentally ill and prisoners; created dozens of new institutions
Mary Whiton Calkins
introduced the field of self psychology, first female president of the American Psychology Association
G. Stanley Hall
focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory, first president of the American Psychology Association
Margaret Floy Washburn
experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development
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