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Study Guide: Our Planet Earth

Terms in this set (40)

1. How many eras is the geologic time scale divided into?
4
2. How long is a geologic time period?
It varies
3. What era was dominated by the dinosaurs?
Mesozoic Era
4. An undisturbed sedimentary layer is _____ than the layer above, and ____ than the layer below.
older; younger
5. Fossils are most common in what rock types?
Sedimentary
6. What are the 3 types of rock?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
7. What era are we currently in at this time?
Cenozoic Era
8. During what era did the earliest form of life form?
Precambrian Era
9. Current scientific evidence shows that the Earth is estimated to be _______ years old.
4.6 billion
10. Why was the geologic sandwich so hard to make?
Because we didn't know we had to layer the pieces over and under each other. They were Overlapping
11. List the 4 eras in order from the most recent, to the one that occurred the longest ago.
Cenozoic, mesozoic, paleozoic, precambrian
12. If you start with 48 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would remain after one half-life? Four half-lives?
24, 3
13. In the activity, "How do you stack Up?," describe how you were able to make the 4 geological columns. What helped you?
I used other sample columns to help me line them up. The sample columns helped the most. And looking at the fossils
14. Use the 4 Earth Spheres to answer the following:
*bat finds shelter in caves
*we make energy by burning fossil fuels
*a farmer plowing a field to plant crops
*a meteorite is _____ to ________
*a thunderstorm is a connection between?
Biosphere, Geosphere
Geosphere, Atmosphere
Biosphere, Geosphere
Atmosphere; Geosphere
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Geosphere
15. What do you call the solid, rocky shell composing about 82% of the Earth's volume?
Mantle
16. Which of the Earth's layers is ALL solid iron and nickel?
Inner core
17. As you travel from the inner core of the Earth to the crust, how would temperature, density, and pressure of the material change?
They would all decrease as you exit
18. What layer of Earth is the thickest part?
Mantle
19. In the lab, "Mountain to Molehill," describe what happened to the rock as it went from 0-600 shakes in your trial?
The rock started to shrink due to erosion and weathering
20. What characteristics made it easier to identify minerals? Why?
Thin sheets,Streak Color, Metallic, Special Ability. these helped because it gave a more specific range of what it could be.
21. Referring to our Impact Crater Lab, if a meteorite were to hit Gurnee, what angle of impact would you prefer it hit the ground with? Provide evidence for your answer.
90% The crater would hit the ground and not go anywhere. It would make a deep hole in the ground, but in one small spot. You can measure the movement of the continents,And the continents fit like puzzle pieces
22. The activity simulation you embarked on in class called, "The Far Flung Fossils," helped to explain the Theory of Continental Drift using fossil evidence. Explain, using at least 3 pieces of evidence, why this activity supports this theory.
Similar glaciers
Same anteater ancestors
Similar fossils from 300 million years ago
23. What is the idea of Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics?
The idea that over time, continents move through the oceans
24. Were there any earthquakes noted in the middle of a continent or tectonic plate? Based on the article you read called, "Man Made Earthquakes," do you think this is unusual? Why or why not?
Yes,No This is unusual because the most earthquakes happen because of us because we keep on drilling the earth
25. A deficit in natural resources occurs when...
it is needed a lot
26. A surplus in natural resources occurs when...
it is not needed very much
27. List 2 ways YOU can help to conserve natural resources.
grow a garden
carpool
28. Use what you learned about the 16 out of 45 countries listed in our "Natural Resources Distribution" activity that are in the Top 10 for more than one resource...to provide a possible explanation.
The natural resources are unevenly distributed and those countries were the ones that had the most natural resources.
29. What do scientists believe is causing the Anthropocene extinction?
Human Activities
30. Explain the differences between the Pre-Mining area drawing and Post-Mining drawing.
The post-mining area was less than the pre-mining
31. Explain the concept of Natural Selection.
Natural Selection is when the animals with the best adaptations to live in their environment survive and then they children evolve. Survival of the fitness
32. What was so special about the Galapagos Islands and Darwin's visit there?
This is where Darwin started to think about Natural Selection
33. What do we call it when an organism completely dies out?
Extinction
34. The gradual change in species over time is called?
Adaptation/evolution
35. What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
They had different beaks
36. What do we call a genetic difference between the organisms of the same species?
Variation
37. According to Darwin, and his finches, what was the advantage he could see to having different size beaks?
They could pick up different foods
38. Why has the original fox animal species, evolved into 2 new species, the red and the silver fox, overtime?
Adaptation to its environment
39. When a DNA sequence is copied, sometimes mistakes occur in the new strand of DNA. What do we call these mistakes?
Genetic Mutation
40. Why did the population of peppered moths in England change from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution?
Because it was the factory that changed the trees
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