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Chapter 13 Education Institutions and Religious Institutions

Terms in this set (26)

Mandatory educational laws
requiring children to attend school until a specified age
Cultural transmission values
the process of transmitting values from one group to another; often refers to how cultural traits are transmitted across generations; in education, the ways in which schools transmit a society's culture, especially its core values
Mainstreaming (inclusion)
helping people to become part of the mainstream of society, integrate children form various backgrounds into a common group
Gate keeping (social placement)
funneling people into various social positions; education open and closes doors to opportunity
tracking
sorting of students into different educational programs or tracks, based upon perceived abilities
hidden curriculum
the unwritten goals of schools such as teaching obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms
Home schooling
kids learning school at home from tutors or instructors outside
Credential society
the use of diplomas and degree to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree me be irrelevant to the actual work
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Robert Merton's term for an originally false assertion that becomes true simply because it was predicted
Social Promotion
passing student on to the next level even though they have not mastered basic materials
Functional illiteracy
refers to high school graduates who have difficulty with basic reading and math
Grade inflation
higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in student grades without a corresponding increase in learning
Sacred
Durkheim's term for things set apart or forbidden that inspire fear, awe, reverence, or deep respect
Profane
Durkheim's term for common elements of everyday life
Religion
according to Durkheim, beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community
symbols
an object or thing that means something
Rituals
ceremonies or repetitive practices; in religion, observances or rites often intended to evoke a sense of awe of the sacred
Cosmology (beliefs)
teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world
Church (Mainstream church)
according to Durkheim, one of the 3 essential elements of religion-a moral community of believers; also refers to a large, highly organized religious group that has formal, sedate worship services with little emphasis on evangelism, intense religious experience, or personal conversion
Religious experience
a sudden awareness of the super natural or a feeling of coming in contact with God
Born-again
a term describing Christians who have undergone a religious experience so life transforming that they feel they have become a new person
Cult
a new religion with few followers, whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion
Charismatic Leader
someone to whom God has given a gift; in its extended sense, someone who exerts extraordinary appeal to a group of followers
Sect
a religious group larger than a cult that still feels substantial hostility from and toward society
Ecclesia (state religion)
a religious group so integrated into the dominant culture that it is difficult to tell where the one begins and the other leaves off
Electronic church
religion through mass media (tv, radio, or internet) For example: Joel Osteen and Pat Robertson
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