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Second Exam Terms

Terms in this set (53)

Federalist party
one of the first parties created, initially beginning when they favored the creation of the US Bank.
Democratic-Republican party
one of the first parties created, initially beginning when they were opposed to the creation of the US Bank
French Revolution 1789
federalists were opposed to this, while the republicans were for it- more cause of political discord
Jay's Treaty
This treaty, called during the Anglo-French War, favored the English priorities over the French, kicking all French ships out of US ports, and requested Britain recognize US neutrality.
John Fries
a newspaper writer who criticized Adams by claiming he was becoming tyrannical, and who marched on the county seat with a french flag, was put to death for treason, a mistake in Adams' presidency to not get re-elected
Election of 1796
a fight between Jefferson and Adams, which ruined their friendship, resulting in Adams (Federalist) becoming president, with Jefferson (Democrat) as vice. Presidency included multiple political discorded events, as the two tried to reduce power of the other
XYZ Affair
US diplomats were sent to France to speak with Talleyrand, who then demanded they pay $10 thousand, which offended the US and was another leading factor for calls for war.
Nationalism, Alien and Sedation Acts
Prohibited any slandering/criticism of the president. Also "kept spies out of the country" but was actually aimed at preventing the republican party to grow so rapidly by increasing the number of years it took to become a citizen
Louisiana Purchase
A $15 million purchase to buy the Louisiana Territory, doubled the size of the US, carried out by Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson's inaugural address
combined idealism with practical politics in an attempt to reunite the country, the beginning of one of the most successful presidencies in US history
Embargo Act of 1807
due to the continuance of impressment of US soldiers, this act was passed in attempt to hurt Britain by discontinuing trade with them, though it failed.
Talleyrand
French foreign minister, sold the Louisiana territory to Jefferson
Lewis and Clark Expedition
sent to see how much territory was truly in the Louisiana Territory to record and make descriptions of Indians, take samples of plant life, describe animals, mountains, landmarks, etc. Funded with Jefferson's own money.
Henry Clay
a candidate in the Election of 1824, speaker of the House of Representatives, he made a deal with JQ Adams to give him his support, as long as Adams made him his secretary of state in return
Manifest Destiny
The American belief, created by John Sullivan, that God wanted them to spread their boundaries from coast to coast
Election of 1800
The second election regarding Jefferson and Adams, in which Adams was not favored because of his previous acts, but resulting in a tie between Jefferson and Burr, but thanks to Hamilton, who disliked both but disliked Burr more and urged people to vote for Jefferson, Jefferson became president with Burr as VP (who became enemies)
Mexican American War
Caused by American desires for the California coast, as America declared war and defeated Mexico to claim all of the Mexican Territory, including the boundary they wanted for Texas
Monroe Doctrine
in fear that Europe would try to regain some of their colonies, this document warned them that the US would prevent them from doing so
Mary Wollstonecraft
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), said women should not marry, and requested education, healthcare, and political rights for women
Emma Willard
creator of the Troy Female Seminary (1821), this was the first higher-level schooling for women
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
main supporters of the abolitionism movement, attended the Seneca Falls Convention.
Seneca Falls
(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
Jedediah Strong Smith
the most famous mountain man, known as a legend because he was malled by a bear but survived. Indians wanted to kill him due to their belief that killing someone with higher power would give the higher power to them.
Rocky Mountain Fur Company
Created by William Ashley, was the most popular fur company due to the popularity of their interesting trappers, otherwise known as Mountain Men
Election of 1824
Between Crawford, John Q Adams, Henry Clay, and Jackson. Resulted in the election of Adams, however, he was not given much support, as Americans felt that Jackson was cheated
Election of 1828
Adams vs. Jackson; Jackson won by a landslide due to his immense popularity.
John Quincy Adams
forced to run for president by his parents, his presidency was a failure and he accomplished little
Martin Van Buren
the first political operative, was the campaign manager for Jackson. In return, he became Jackson's Secretary of State
Jacksonian Democracy
established more of a common man theme, dropped the "Republican" part of the Democratic Party, and increased the power of the presidency more than any other president.
Trail of Tears
In forcing the Indians to move to Oklahoma by walking and leaving all of their possessions, 3,500 Cherokees died before reaching their destination. This was repeated for all other Indian tribes.
Nullification Crisis
caused by the English tariff on cotton in return for the US tariff on their goods, it hurt the economy greatly as cotton was the largest export, and in response, South Carolina tried to null this tariff by claiming it unconstitutional
Santa Fe Trail
an important trade route going between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New mexico; used from about 1821 to 1880.
Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
places for mountain men to deliver their furs, usually along the Oregon Trail, where Indians would go as well to trade their goods.
Donner Party
began by John Reed, who planned on going to California with his family and 87 others. They followed the "shortcut", despite the warning by Bridger. Then they got trapped by snow at Trucker Lake, where they ran out of food and were forced to eat their animals, and then each other.
Causes of War of 1812
repeated violations of Jay's Treaty, impressments of American Sailors, failure of Embargo Act, British and Indian alliances, economic panic, and western desires for Canada
Battle of New Orleans
took place after the War of 1812 was already over, but due to lack of communication, happened anyways. Andrew Jackson put together a rag-tag army of 350 men who barricaded the port and repelled 2500/7000 British soldiers died or were wounded, while only 3-4 Americans died. Jackson was known as America's hero.
Hartford Convention
meeting of the Federalist party in which they discussed their complaints and how to fix them, such as increasing the difficulty of a territory becoming a state so less support would be gained by republicans, braking the hated "Virginia Dynasty", and looked at the possibility of secession of New England, which made them seem unpatriotic, eventually leading to the end of the Federalist Party
Aaron Burr
Vice president of Jefferson, after losing to him in the election of 1800, was an enemy of Jefferson due to his hatred of defeat which caused more political problems
Four Cardinal Virtues of Womanhood
expectations middle-class women were expected to uphold, which included piety, chastity, submissiveness, and domesticity
Langsford Hastings
the man who claimed to have found a shorter route to California, even though he had never gone West before, which caused the Donner Party to follow this route and die due to the additional two months it took for them to travel.
John Fremont
also known as the pathfinder, he began the expedition to California and settled there by taking the Oregon Trail, eventually Britain seceded this land to the US after realizing they could not be kept out
James K Polk
the first "Dark Horse" candidate, elected in 1844 when the electorals couldn't decide on who to vote for, so they chose this governor of Tennessee instead. He was elected based upon his views of wanting to annex Texas and taking California in the Mex-American war
Zachory Taylor
General known as "old rough and ready", was sent to Texas with 5,000 troops to take up positions along the Nueces River, and after Mexico crosses the Rio Grande, Polk asks congress for an official declaration of war, and he then attacks Mexican Troops in Texas
Santa Anna
Previously exiled from Mexico, the US brings him back from Cuba, offering him money. Of course he breaks this promise, and to the United States' gain, he takes power over the military, and due to his poor leadership skills, the US is able to take over Mexico City and win the war.
Hugh Glass
A mountain man, who was abandoned by his friends after being attacked by a bear, but nursed himself back to health by finding a nearby stream.
Stephen Long
explored the great plains region and declared it pathless, barren, glaring, inhospitable. This area was not settled into until after the Civil War, with partial credit due to his description of it.
John Jacob Astor
creator of the American Fur Company, the first fur business, and became America's first multi-millionare
Jackson's Indian Policy
this policy, different from any other previous policy, tricked Indians into "negotiating" treaties to give up their land, and Passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 to move all Indians to Oklahoma
Zebulon Pike
led an expedition, however, he ended up in New Mexico, where he was arrested. After he was free, he marked his path on the way back to St. Louis, therefore creating the Santa Fe Trail
Andrew Jackson
elected in 1828, he expanded the powers of the presidency more than any other man did. He was more of a common candidate, which is why he was more popular among the country, especially because he worked to fight for the common man, such as eliminating property qualifications. He also created the democratic party by dropping the "republican" aspect of it.
Second Party System
After the election of Jackson, this included the creation of the Whig party to go against him, created by Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and JQ Adams
Spoils System
"to the victor goes the spoils", created when Jackson appointed common men to his cabinet, justified by the fact if any man can vote he is capable of holding office
Bureau of Indian Affairs
created by the Indian Reorganization Act (1834), was extremely corrupt organization. The supplies, supposed to be given to the Indians, were actually sold on the black market, causing more Indians to die due to their lack of supplies and resources.
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