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Peds Exam Review

Terms in this set (81)

Why is ensuring the engagement of the child in the learning process important in successfully implementing cognitive approaches?

A. The child will reflect and interpret information for a lifelong learning

B. The Child will not be bored and will pay better attention to details

C. The child will follow rules more consistently

D. The child will meet teacher and parent expectaions
A
What are the 4 stages of CO-OP approach

A. Skill acquisition, Cognitive strategies, Generalization, Transfer of learning

B. Goal setting, Global cognitive strategies, Domain specific, Skill acquisition

C. Skill acquisition, Global cognition strategy use, Transfer and generation, Dynamic performance analysis
A
Why should the OT evaluate the child's occupational performance before, during, and after completing the CO-OP intervention protocol?

A. It provides the child with repetitive practice

B. It allows the therapist to rewrite goals

C. It provides parent with data for billing purposes

D. It promotes evidence-informed practice.

E. It promotes EBP
D
Which sequence represents the correct phases of swallowing?

A. Oral, oral preparatory, pharyngeal, esophageal

B. Oral, preparatory, oral, esophageal, pharyngeal

C. Oral, esophageal, oral preparatory, pharyngeal

D. Oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, esophageal
D
What is the 1st step in evaluating a child's feeding problems?

A. Observe the parent feeding the child crackers and juice

B. Interpret the results of a modified barium swallow study

C. Ask the parents and caregivers questions about feeding, eating, and swallowing

D. Observe the symmetry, size and ROM of the jaw and gums
C
Which sequence best describes the progression of food texture from easier to most difficult?

A. Various table foods, pureed, soft foods, raw veggies, and meat

B. Pureed, various table foods, soft foods, raw veggies, and meat

C. Soft foods, various table foods, raw veggies, pureed, and meat

D. Pureed, soft foods, various table foods, raw veggies, and meat
D
Byron is 11m old child who isn't feeding himself with his hands. He drinks from the bottle but doesn't actively hold the bottle. Byron gags when a cookie or cracker is introduced. He's able to swallow pureed cereal without coughing. Which statement best reflects the interpretation of these findings?

A. Byron is functioning within normal limits; shows no delays

B. Byron is delayed in his oral-motor and self-feeding skills

C. Byron is delayed in his ability to tolerate textured foods but is within normal limits for self-feeding

D. Byron is delayed in his self-feeding skills, but is within normal limits for oral-motor skills
B
Emily is 10 m old child who isn't feeding herself with her hands. She drinks from a bottle, and she takes a smooth pureed foods using a suckle pattern. She bangs and plays with a spoon, but doesn't attempt to feed herself with a spoon. She doesn't hold her own bottle. She gags when she's offered crackers, cookies, and lumpy food. She doesn't have vomiting, recurrent respiratory infections, or problems chocking on her bottle. Which statement best reflects Emily's feeding habits?

A. Emily is within normal limits with no evidence of developmental delays

B. Emily is delayed in self-feeding skills for holding her own bottle and brining foods to her mouth with her hands.

C. Emily is delayed and should take all liquids from a cup at her age

D. Emily is delayed and should be feeding herself with a spoon independently.
B
Emily is 10 month old child who isn't feeding herself with her hands. She drinks from a bottle, & she takes a smooth pureed foods using a suckle pattern. She bangs & plays with a spoon, but doesn't attempt to feed herself with a spoon. She doesn't hold her own bottle. She gags when she's offered crackers, cookies, & lumpy food. She doesn't have vomiting, recurrent respiratory infections, or problems choking on her bottle.

What area might require further assessment within Emily's treatment plan?

A. Oral sensory skills and general sensory processing skills

B. Swallowing with a modified barium swallow study

C. Muscle tone, jaw strength, tongue mobility, and positioning during feeding.

D. Both a and C
D
Which approach has the most evidence to support its use in OT for children with CP?

A. Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)
B. Motor Control
C. Neurosensorimotor reflex integration
D. Biomechanical
B
Which of the following is considered a secondary impairment in children diagnosed with CP?
A. Possible seizure disorder
B. Joint Contracture
C. Spasticity
D. Weakness of eye muscles
B
How do serial static splints lengthen tissues & correct deformity?
A. Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time

B. Facilitates muscle contractions for improved movement

C. Improves postural tone to allow for increased ROM

D. Shortens antagonistic muscle groups
A
What type of movement would you expect to see upon observation of a 4 year old girl with athetoid-type CP?

A. Intention tremors, trouble stabilizing proximal joints, balance issues

B. Large sudden fluctuations, "jerky" movements with poor midrange control

C. Movement only to midranges

D. Very hypertonic, high risk for contractures
B
According to the medical record, Jenny had damage to her primary motor cortex during birth trauma. She's been receiving OT, PT, & SLP since birth. The OT observed the following during the initial evaluation:

A. Abnormal movements & atypical reflexes present (ATNR)

B. Hypertonicity in her arms with spasticity greater in her right bicep, wrist flexors, & thumb adductor

C. Hypertonicity in her legs with spasticity greater in hip adductors, hamstrings, & gastroc/soleus

D. Delayed or absent righting & equilibrium responses

According to the medical record, Jenny had damage to her primary motor cortex during birth trauma. She's been receiving OT, PT, and SLP since birth. Which type of CP does Jenny have?

A. Athetoid

B. Ataxic

C. Mixed

D. Spastic
D
Which type of medical intervention (medication) is used to reduce spasticity through an injection directly into the muscle?

A. Baclofen (goes into spinal cord)
B. Botox (into muscle)
C. Phenol (nerve)
D. Ativan
B
What is a common scale used to determine the level of functional hand use in child diagnosed with CP?
a. The gross motor function classification scale (GMFCS)
b. The Canadian Occupational Therapy Performance Measure
c. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2
d. Manual ability classification system (MACS)
d
What is/are the purpose(s) of AT?
a. To provide tools that improve function & allow for greater participation in activities that are meaningful & life-sustaining
b. Primarily to compensate, as opposed to remediate
c. Defined by legislation
d. All of the above
d
Which practice model/framework is not used to make decisions about AT?
a. Student Environment Task Tool (SETT)
i. Looks at what is going on in environment, characteristics of student
b. Human Activity Assistive Technology & Context (HAAT)
c. Neurodevelopmental Theoretical (NDT) approach
d. Matching person & technology (MPT) assessment process
c
Which factor does not contribute to abandonment or discontinuance of AT?
a. Motivation to understand & interact with the environment
b. Failure to consider the user's needs & desires
c. When a device fails to live up to its potential
d. The device is no longer needed
a
What does IDEA require of IEP teams in terms of AT?
a. Assistive technology should be provide to all children with an IEP
b. The need for assistive technology should be considered at each IEP
c. Assistive technology is provided on a sliding fee scale
d. AT assessments take place annually.
b
Which of the following is not used to support writing skills?
a. Word Prediction Software
b. Screen readers
c. Talking calculators
d. Pencil grips
c
Which is not included in an AT implementation plan?
a. Persons responsible for set up
b. Billing & payment information
c. Conditions of use
d. Frequency & duration of use
b
What is the term for making products, communications, & the built environment more usable by as many people as possible at little or no extra cost?
a. Assistive technology
b. Occupation-based therapy
c. Universal design
d. ergonomics
c
John is a 10 year old boy with CP who uses a visual scanning device to communicate with others. He is able to work the system independently but team notes that this process is somewhat slow. To what type of communication competence does this example refer?
a. Linguistic Competence
b. Operational competence
c. Social competence
d. Strategic competence
b
The OT is working with John on making eye contact & using his communication device to interact with his peers. The OT has organized a weekly session with 3 boys who love baseball. John & his friends talk about baseball or other topics of interest. To what type of communication competence is the OT working?
a. Linguistic Competence
b. Operational competence
c. Social competence
d. Strategic competence
c
Primary occupational performance deficits include:
a. Limited Social Participation
b. Difficulties with play
c. Delayed development of ADLs
d. All of the above
d
An important issue to make sure to specifically ask families about when evaluating a child with ASD includes:
a. Nutrition & Dietary needs
b. The child's IQ
c. Safety & escapism
d. Child's language ability
c
Which of the following supports might an OT suggest for a young child struggling with transitions from the classroom to the lunchroom at school?
a. A reward with preferred food upon entering the lunchroom successfully
b. A visual or picture schedule on the desk & reminders of upcoming transition time
c. A favorite toy to carry to the lunchroom
d. Peer buddy to encourage & walk with the child to lunch
e. All of the above
e
For a child with sensory defensiveness & limited diet, which of the following foods might be best tolerated for its sensory properties?
a. Yogurt with little pieces of different kinds of fruit in it
b. Soup with noodles
c. Raisins
d. Mashed potatoes
c
Positive reinforcement...
a. Occurs in some settings or situation & not others
b. Makes the behavior more likely to occur
c. Is the removal of something unpleasant
d. Is minimally effective in changing behavior
b
The CO-OP approach stresses:
a. Limited use of problem-solving
b. Mastering specific skills that have been chosen by the child
c. Imitation & non-verbal communication
d. Use of limited feedback during performance
b
Which of the following are children with SCI more likely to experience compared to adults with SCI?
a. Upper Cervical Injury (Disproportinaely large head )
b. Autonomic dysreflexia
c. Deep vein thrombosis
d. Heterotopic ossification
a
Which aspect of care doesn't change throughout the continuum?
a. Stage of care
b. Individual therapists
c. Importance of safety
c
A child with a complete SCI at which level is most likely to use her upper extremities to manipulate environmental controls?
a. C1
b. C6
(Low cervical levels, start to get UE movements)
c. T1
d. T12
b
Which brain injury is likely to have the best outcome?
a. Glascow Coma Scale Score 3, Diffuse injury
b. Glasgow Coma Scale score 15, diffuse injury
c. Glasgow coma scale score 3, localized injury
d. Glasgow coma scale score 15, localized injury
i. 15 = Least amount of involvement
ii. Localized are less damaging than diffuse
d
The outcome of unmanaged hypertrophic scars include:
a. Joint Contracture
b. Restoration of tissue aesthetics & function as close to normal skin as possible
c. Social stigma
d. A & c
d
Caregivers of a child with ____ may benefit from education on autonomic storming.
a. Spinal Cord injury
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Burn injury
d. A & B
b
Provide slow position changes to avoid orthostatic hypotension in clients with:
a. Spinal Cord Injury
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Burn injury
d. All of the above
d
A low-stimulation environment is most important to provide clients with:
a. Spinal Cord Injury
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Burn injury
d. A & b
b
Client's ability to direct their care is most important for children with:
a. Spinal Cord injury
i. Sudden loss of function
ii. Generally have no cognitive impairment
iii. Getting them to be an early active participant in their care, important for rehab
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Burn injury
d. A & C
a
After burn injury, scar massage should be initiated:
a. Immediately
b. As soon as the wound closes
c. As soon as the scab naturally detaches
d. 1 week following admission
b
In a children's social skills group, strategies that allow the participant to make as many choices as possible to satisfy their needs for autonomy, competence, & relatedness are used. This group is most likely based on which of the following?
a. Peer- mediated Intervention
b. Self-determination
c. Sensory integration
d. Social Cognition
b
A strategy that involves the OT & student identifying the problem, discussing the possible solutions, consequences of these solutions, & then practicing the plan of action that the student chooses is called:
a. Social Autopsies
b. Coaching
c. SOCCSS (Situations, Options,Consequences, Choices, Strategy, Simulation)
d. Alert program
c
Which of the following has the most evidence to support the effectiveness of its use for children with ASD?
a. Video-modeling
b. Social Scripts
c. Power cards
d. Social stories
a
Which of the following is often used up to 40 hours/week & helps children perform socially significant behavior through reinforcement training technique?
a. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
b. Privacy Circles
c. Emotions charades
d. Mind reading
a
Taking turns in conversation is an example of which type of social goal?
a. Demonstration of a specific social behavior
b. Awareness of social rules
c. Awareness of others
d. Executive function skills
a
One strategy for developing appropriate social skills focuses on a child's special interest or favorite character. This is:
a. Video- Modeling
b. Social scripts
c. Power cards
d. Social stories
c
Which of the following is used to help children identify which topics or activities are appropriate to discuss or do with different people & in various settings?
a. Applied Behavior Anaylsis
b. Privacy Circles
c. Emotions charades
d. Mind reading
b
Which of the following can be useful tool for measuring social skills progress because of its ability to identify & measure progress toward very individualized goals, which may not be included in a standard assessments?
a. Child behavior checklist
b. Social communication questionnaire
c. Goal attainment scaling (GAS)
d. Social skills improvement system
c
At what age do infants creep & move from sitting to quadruped & back?
a. 6 months
b. 8 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
b
What age do children stand & walk along furniture?
a. 6 months
b. 8 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
c
Which statement reflects current practice concerning transitional mobility?
a. All mobility devices must be used for functional mobility
b. Children benefit from learning to use one mobility device well in all environments
c. Children should experience self-directed movement even if it is not functional
d. Cost is the primary factor when deciding on the mobility device.
c
Into which group does Hays classify the mobility of children with CP (with less involvement) & children with myelomeningocele with UE involvement?
a. Children with effective mobility who ambulate but are unable to do so at a reasonable rate of speed or with acceptable endurance
b. Children who will never ambulate
c. Children who have lost their independent mobility
d. Children who temporarily require assisted mobility & often progress to independent mobility with age
a
Which statement best reflects the OT's approach to evaluating mobility?
a. Evaluate physical limitations first & determine the child's cog level
b. Base recommendations on the results of PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disabilities Inventory)
c. Act as a consultant to the physical therapist by evaluating hand skills for controlling a w/c
d. Evaluate the children's needs or wants, the context in which the child typically engages in occupations, & the limitations of the child's experiences.
d
What might be a disadvantage to recommending an adaptive tricycle to help 4 year old John play outside with his friends?
a. John may outgrow it
b. Third-party funding may not be available
c. There is a handle for caregivers to help them steer it
d. There are a variety of adaptive tricycles from which to choose.
b
What type of equipment is designed for children who have poor control of the pelvis, chest, UE, & head, but are able to move their legs?
a. Support Walker
i. Want to support the upper body; sling that will catch them. Can use legs reciprocally. Diagnosis: poor control of pelvis, chest, UE, but can move legs: spastic diplegia CP - have reciprocal use of their legs

b. Posterior walker
c. Anterior Walker
d. Mobile stander
a
What is the first step in determining the type & features requested for a powered wheelchair?
a. Discuss the child's potential for movement
b. Determine who is financing the device
c. Define the goals for using the device
d. Examine the child's environment
c
What is the first step in performing an evaluation of a child's eating or positioning?
a. Conducting a range of motion & manual muscle test
b. Observing the child in the current seating system
c. Discussing the child's seating goals with him or her
d. Measuring the child's height, weight, & trunk length
b
What is MOST important for the therapist to consider when providing families with home programs?
a. Family routines & habits
b. Parents' occupation & roles
c. Inclusion of siblings in the programming
d. Availability of resources & supports
a
The OT is making a home visit to a family in a rural community. The grandma, mother, & mother's sister are present during the session, with the grandma bottle-feeding the 8 month old infant when the OT arrives. The OT is there to work with the family to develop the child's motor skills. What initial action should the OT take?
a. Wait until the child finishes eating for the mother to begin therapy with the child in order to work on motor skill development
b. Engage the caregiver in conversation about the child & progress the child has made since the last therapy visit
c. Focus the treatment session on feeding skills to incorporate the natural routine of the family.
d. Reschedule the child's therapy session due to concern that motor activities are contraindicated immediately after bottle feeding
b
Which legislation guides early intervention services?
a. IDEA part B
b. IDEA Part C
c. No child left behind
d. Section 504 of the rehabilitation act
b
Early intervention teams may designate a primary interventionist (also referred to as primary service provider) who addresses family outcomes by frequent interventions that incorporate the strategies of other disciplines. Team is functioning under what approach?
a. Unidisciplinary
b. Multidisciplinary
c. Interdisciplinary
d. Transdisciplinary
d
Which statement reflects the current research on providing services in natural environments?
a. Child generalizes skills more easily across contexts
b. Therapists are more productive in natural environments
c. Therapy with other children in the home is a breach of confidentiality
d. Home based services are less effective & compromise family time
a
The parents of a child participating in early intervention programming would like the OT to go to the daycare center & provide strategies to help him get along better with his peers. What is the correct response to this request?
a. The therapist is NOT required to comply with the request; this falls outside of routine service delivery
b. The therapist should contact another therapist that lives near the daycare to maximize efficiency
c. The therapist should role release to an educational specialist who is better trained to facilitate peer interactions.
d. Complying with the request would be appropriate as the daycare is a natural environment for the child
i. Our services can occur in many places (home, daycare, step-parent home, grandparents)
ii. Make sure you have appropriate releases of information to work within each of these environments
d
To optimize a young child's performance during an evaluation in the early intervention setting, which of the following strategies should be incorporated?
a. Social Approach
b. Family Involvement
c. Passive engagement
d. Isolated interactions
b
An OTR is re-evaluating a child who is participating in an early intervention program using a norm-referenced assessment. The assessment results indicate a drop in scores on the assessment over the course of the intervention period. What best explains this change in performance?
a. The child has regressed
b. The child has developed slower than a typical age peers
c. The assessment was administered incorrectly
d. The caregivers did not follow through with therapy
b
Which type of assessment is best for the purpose of intervention planning & documentation of progress among children with severe disabilities participating in early intervention programing?
a. First Level developmental screen
b. Criterion-referenced assessment
i. Ex. Goes to the bathroom independently, puts shirt on, more functionally based
c. Norm-referenced assessment
i. Ex. Balance, picking up blocks
d. 2nd level developmental screen
b
According to IDEA, what is the main purpose of OT within the school system?
a. Enhance function in play/leisure, work, & self-care
b. Improve hand skill development for tool usage
c. Diminish symptoms related to the student's disability
d. Enhance the child's functional ability in his or her role as a student in academic & nonacademic tasks
i. Related service: we need to connect to their special ed program
d
When using a collaborative model of helping in a parent-OT relationship, the OT would want to:
a. Help by bringing about functional changes in the child
b. Prescribe activities for parent to do at home
c. Support & strengthen family function so parents can become more autonomous in the care for their child
i. It is our area to help parents feel empowered
d. Help parents focus on the medical needs of their child
c
All of the following examples reflect current suggestions for OT service delivery in school contexts except:
a. Direct "pull-out" occupational therapy should be emphasized over indirect services
b. Time spent consulting with the teacher is considered part of OT services
c. The therapist should help the student work on IEP goals in natural contexts related to the specific goal (e.g. work on eating problems during lunch, fine motor manipulative skills during art)
d. The OT should learn about the students curriculum to determining how & when the ot can be integrated into everyday classroom activities.
a
According to IDEA, the IEP must include several components. Which of the following is not a required component of IEP?
a. Measurable annual goals in areas of need
b. Determination of special education & related services of which the child needs to accomplish the goals & objectives (including frequency)
c. Present levels of educational performance (academic & non academic)
d. A list of family concerns & needs.
i. These go on the IFSP, not the IEP
d
You have a friend whose 2nd grade daughter, Grace, is in the public schools. Grace's teacher says that she is having a difficult time completing written work in class. Grace's mother notes that she struggles with printing while doing her homework. On receipt of parent's written permission to evaluate, early intervening services are initiated to see if a short-term OT can address the problem before determining student eligibility for special education: (an IEP). Which of the following statements reflect best practice for the involvement of OT at this point?
a. The OT should pull Grace out of the class to complete a standardized handwriting assessment
b. The OT should interview the parents & teacher regarding their concerns about Grace's written work & other areas of school function typically addressed by OT (e.g. social skills, self-care)
c. The OT should observe grace during written work activities in the classroom.
d. The ot should develop IEP goals & present them to the team if Grace is determined to be eligible for special education.
e. B & C
f. All of the above
e
A high school student identified as having an anxiety disorder, struggles with stress associated to large assignments. All of the following statements are true except:
a. The student would benefit from a 504 plan to adapt the academic expectations
b. The OT should write an IEP
i. No time under part B would an OT write an IEP alone
c. The OT can help the teacher modify academic expectations to reduce stress.
d. The OT may educate students about stress reduction techniques
b
Both IDEA 2004 & NCLB enable schools to help students struggling with learning or behavior before being referred to special education through the provision of which of the following?
a. Early Intervention
b. Early intervening services (EIS)
c. Response to intervention (RtI)
d. Transition plans
e. A and B
f. B and C
f
Mark is a 5th grade student who has learning difficulties. The team members would like him to be placed in a regular classroom for most of his classes. However, they're not sure that he will be able to keep up with the requirements. What must the team consider to make this placement?
a. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
i. This should be the guiding factor because it's part of the law
b. Cost of special education
c. Number of children in the classroom
i. Also a reason to consider, but first thought should always be LRE
d. Teachers expertise and training
a
What type of intervention is provided in the following? The OT works with a child in his classroom each morning as he participates in the regular lesson?
a. Pull out
b. Consultive
c. Integrative
d. indirect
c
Nina is a 10 year old diagnosed with severe anxiety disorder, interfering with her ability to learn. which law should provide her the right to accomodations in a public school system?
a. Americans with Disability Act, Section 504
b. IDEIA, Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
c. NCLB, No Child Left Behind
d. None; she is not entitled to accommodations
a
A parent requests that OT working in the school system complete ROM exercises daily with her son. What is the key reason that the OT would comply with this request?
a. Medical Necessity
b. Educational relevance
i. When working in school system must be Educationally Relevant
ii. Times when you can say this is medical not educational
c. Professional courtesy
d. Parent requested
b
Which activity is not considered part of OT in the school system?
a. Feeding and eating at lunch time
b. Passive ROM to prevent contractures
c. Strengthening for posture to sit at stand desk
d. Putting on a coat for recess
b
Which fetal alcohol diagnosis is considered more severe?
a. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
i. Need growth retardation
ii. Need facial characteristics
iii. Need alcohol exposure
iv. Brain Dysfunction
b. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
i. They don't need the specific criteria in the DSM and have more likelihood to have comorbidities
ii. May have all these characteristics, but do not have the support
b
To get a diagnosis of FAS, what are the four areas you need to consider?
a. Brain Dysfunction
b. Documented exposure to alcohol
c. Facial Features
i. I.e. small eye openings, long smooth upper lip, thin upper lip, low-set ears
d. Decreased / delayed growth
e. All of the Above
e
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