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Carpentry Test 1

Terms in this set (84)

Dimension
Measurement; The distance between two points.
Pictorial Drawing
Three-dimensional view that shows three sides of an object or structure
Cutting plane line
Line (identified by letters) that cuts through a part of a structure on an elevation or plan view drawing. It refers to a separate section view or detail drawing given for that area.
scale drawing
drawing in which inches or inch-fractions represent one foot of the actual measurement of a building.
abbreviation
Letter or group of letters representing a term of phrase.
orthographic drawing
A two-dimensional drawing used for making up prints.
symbol
Pictorial representation of a or material component used on prints; commonly standardized.
finish floor elevation
height of the first floor after finish materials have been applied, in relation to the benchmark established on the construction site.
front setback
Distance from the property line to the front of a building.
sidewalk
Walkway that extends along a street and borders the building lot.
contour line
one of the lines drawn on a survey plan and some plot plans pass through points having the same elevation on a lot.
elevation
one of the heights established for different levels of a building.
utilities
services provided to the public, requiring electrical and plumbing hookups in a building.
compass direction
Directon based on the compass points north, south, east, and west.
datum points
point of elevation reference, established by local authorities, from which other elevations in the area are measured. Often referred to as the point of beginning (POB).
retaining wall
Masonry or wood wall constructed to hold back a bank of earth.
finish grade
one of the various levels of the lot surface after grading work has been completed.
side yard
Distance from the property line to the side of a building.
swale
One of the slopes required on a lot to ensure water drainage away from the building.
plot plan
Plan included in a set of prints showing the size of the lot, location of the building on the lot, grades, and all other information needed to perform work required before construction of the foundation begins.
planter strip
Area between the street curb and sidewalk where a lawn or other vegetation may be planted.
building line
Line set up on batter-boards to represent outside face of the exterior wall of a building.
easement
legal right-of-way provision on another person's propery.
property lines
Recorded, legal boundaries of a piece of property.
crawl space
Narrow space between a floor unit and the ground.
foundation plan
Drawing in a set of prints that gives a plan view as well as section views of the foundation of a building.
on-center
Distance between center points of framing members or other building components.
areaway
Small sunken area allowing light or air into a basement window that is partially below the grade level around the building. Also called window well.
builder's level
survey instrument use to establish and verify grades and elevations and to set up level points over long distances.
line of sight
an imaginary straight line extending from the telescope of a builder's level or transit-level to the object being sighted.
Second
Unit of measurement of an angle equal to 1/60 of a minute. (A minute is 1/60 of a degree.)
vernier
Graduated scale that gives fractions of a degree on leveling instruments.
minute
Unit of measurement of angles equal to 1/60 of a degree.
batterboard
Level board nailed to stakes driven into the ground. String is attached to batterboards to identify property lines, building lines, and pier locations.
clay
fine-grained natural earth material that is plastic when wet and compact and brittle when dry.
finish grade
One of the various levels of the lot surface after grading work has been completed.
grain
Direction, size, and arrangement of the wood fibers in a piece of lumber.
trench
Ditch dug in the ground down to bearing soil for foundation footings.
natural grade
The various levels of the lot surface before any finish grading takes places. Also called existing grade.
silt
Earth material consisting of fine mineral particles that are midway in size between sand and clay.
grading
Removing or adding soil to the surface of the lot so that there is enough slope for surface water to flow away from the building.
property lines
Recorded, legal boundaries of a piece of property.
bedrock
Solid layer of rock beneath the earthen materials.
excavation
Cavity dug in the ground.
backfill
Soil or gravel use to fill the space between a completed foundation wall and the excavated areas on one or both sides of the wall.
trenching
digging trenches for foundation footings.
survey point
Small nail driven into the top of a corner stake (hub) to identify the exact corner of the property.
frost line
Depth to which soil freezes in a particular area.
hub
stake placed in the corner of a lot when the lot is being surveyed and its exact boundaries established.
lot
Piece of land or property having established boundaries.
gravel
Crushed rock. Particles range in size from 1/4" to 1 1/2" in diameter.
foundation anchors
metal connectors that provide a solid connection between the foundation and structural members to resist uplift and lateral forces.
inverted T-shaped foundation
Type of foundation constructed with a stem wall supported by spread footing.
battered foundation
Foundation with inside sloped walls to provide a wide base.
mudsill anchor
Metall connector used to fasten a sill plate to the foundation.
anchor bolt
Bolt use to secure sill plates, columns, and beams to concrete or other masonry.
sill plate
wood plate fastened to the top of a foundation wall. it provides a nailing base for floor joists or studs. Also called mudsill.
footing
Base of a foundation system. It bears directly on the soil.
grout
Thin mixture of cement, and water use for patching and leveling.
stepped foundation
A foundation system use on a sloped and hillside lots. The walls and footings are shaped like steps.
foundation plates
Metal connector use to fasten the foundation to the side of the sill plate.
sill anchor
Anchor bolt positioned in a concrete form at the time the concrete is being placed. Its purpose is to fasten the sill plate to the top of the wall.
pier
Square, round, or battered concrete base set in the soil to directly support posts or columns. Also used to directly support grade beams.
crawl-space foundation
Type of foundation that features a narrow space between the bottom of a floor unit and ground. Also call basementless foundation.
slab-at-grade foundation
Foundation system that combines concrete foundation walls with a concrete floor slab that rests directly on a bed of gravel that has been placed over the ground. Also called slab-on-grade.
L-shaped foundation
Type of foundation with the footing extending from only one side of the foundation wall.
concrete masonry unit (CMU)
A precast block, solid or hollow, used in the construction of walls. Also referred to as concrete block.
bearing plates
Steel plates (3" square) with an oblong hole in the middle to allow the plates to be adjustable in case an anchor bolt is not centered on the sill plate. Bearing plates significantly increase the strength of anchor bolt connections.
curing concerte
process of retaining moisture of freshly place concrete to ensure proper hydration.
cement
Ingredient that binds together sand and gravel in a concrete mixture after water is added.
compressive strength
Greatest amount of compression that a material can withstand before it fractures.
batch plant
Facility ready-mixed concrete is mixed to specification, then discharged into transit-mix trucks for delivery to a job site.
reinforced concrete
Concrete that contains steel reinforcement (rebar) or fiberglass reinforcing rod to strengthen it.
portland cement
Ground and calcined (heated) mixture of limestone, shells, cement rock, silica sand, clay, shale, iron ore, gypsum, and clinker.
concrete
construction material of cement, sand, and gravel. Used for foundations, entire buildings, flatwork, and many other types of structures.
welded wire reinforcement
Heavy steel wire welded together in a grid pattern and use to reinforce concrete slabs resting directly on the ground. Also called wire mesh.
water-cement (W/C) ratio
Amount of water use in concrete mix in relation to the amount of cement. Major factor in the compressive strength of concrete.
reinforcing bars
Deformed steel bars placed in concrete to increase its ability to withstand weight and pressure. They also help tie together structural concrete members. Also called rebar.
hydration
Chemical reaction that takes place when water is combined with cement, sand, and gravel in a concrete mix. Hydration cause the concrete to harden.
concrete pour
trade term for placing concrete.
concrete mixture
Proportions of cement, sand, and gravel in a mixture of concrete.
mixture segregation
Condition that occurs when aggregate settles because the mixture is too thin to support the aggregate.
transit-mix truck
truck equipped with a large drum concrete mixer for delivery of ready-mixed concrete to the job site.
ready-mixed concrete
Concrete mixed at a batch plant and delivered by truck to the job site.
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