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Chapter 15 Social Change

Terms in this set (25)

Social change
the alteration of culture and societies over time
Ogburn's term "Invention"
the combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones; identified as one of the 3 processes of social change
Ogburn's term "Discovery"
a new way of seeing aspects of the world (DNA changing the way we I.D. criminals)
Ogburn's term "Diffusion"
the spread of inventions or discoveries; spread of new ideas or technologies (Ex: Internet)
Cultural lag
human behavior lagging behind technological innovations (cloning)
Postmodern society
another name for postindustrial society; a chief characteristic is the use of tools that extend human abilities to gather and analyze information, to communicate, and to travel (transplant organs, communicate instantaneously, and travel vast distances using airplanes
Modernization
the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies
technology
tools (items used to complete tasks), procedures necessary to produce tools, and skills (learned to use these tools). In a broader sense, technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives
Social movements
a group of diffusely organized people or organizations striving toward a common goal relating to human society or social change
Public opinion
what the public views on an issue
propaganda
biased or misleading information that is used as promotion or harming others
Resource mobilization
gathering and organizing all necessary resources
Sustainable environment
a world system that takes into account the limits of the environment, produces enough material goods for everyone's needs, and leaves a heritage of a sound environment for the next generation
Global Warming
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
Acid rain
rain containing sulfuric and nitric acids (burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that become sulfuric and nitric acids when they react with moisture in the air)
Toxic (hazardous) waste
a waste with properties that make it potentially dangerous or harmful to. human health or the environment
Environmental injustice
refers to how minorities and the poor are harmed the most by environmental pollution
Green Parties
political group whose central issues is the environment
Eco-sabotage
actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment
Environmental sociology
a specialty within sociology whose focus is how human affect the environment and how the environment affects humans
Alienation
Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product-this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something
Distance learning
courses taught to students who are not physically present with their instructor (webcam or apps)
Cyberwar
the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes.
Cyberspace
refers to the virtual computer world, and more specifically, is an electronic medium used to form a global computer network to facilitate online communication.
Cyber defense
is a computer network defense mechanism (Ex: Anti-virus program)which includes response to actions and critical infrastructure protection and information assurance for organizations, government entities and other possible networks.
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