bio 206 final study

SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be detected by:
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Terms in this set (56)
SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be detected by:
performing a restriction fragment polymorphism used to find if there is
are adjacent multiple repeats of short repetitive DNA sequences, in which the number of repeats varies from one individual to another.
SSLPs
single nucelotide polymorphisms is identified by
pcr amplification (polymerase chain reaction)
is used to determine which colonies contain your GOI vs. some other chromosomal fragment.
Colony hybridization
uses its RNA as a template to elongate telomeres
Telomerase
TERT
(telomerase reverse transcriptase)
adds telomere repeats to the chromosome ends.
Telomerase
the base is attached to the _____ _______ of the sugar
1' carbon
determined that DNA, not RNA or proteins, stores genetic/hereditary information
Hershey chase
transforming principle
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
chromosomes are passed from one gen to anotherTheodor Boveri and Walter Suttoneukaryotic RNA primers are removed byflap endonuclease.What do the flaps have to do with rnathey are part of the primer being removed.1. exhibits polymerase activity in a 5′ → 3′ direction 2. has a 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity to remove mismatched bases ("proofreading") 3. has a 5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity to degrade ssDNA or ssRNA.DNA polymerase I (Pol I)One complete turn of the helix is3.4 nmTransfer by connectionconjugationTransfer by plasmidtransductionUses heatshockartificial transformationAn ______is a DNA segment that encodes a single multigenic mRNA under the transcriptional control of a promoter and a regulatory region.OperonWhen both _____and______ are present, glucose is the preferred sugar and the lac operon is repressed.Glucose/ lactose______can't make a proper repressor. so whether we got an inducer or not , the gene is gonna transcribe either way = constitutive.(I-)recombinant technology isgenetic engineeringCut cDNAs and plasmid DNA with a restriction enzyme and ligate the cDNAs into vectorsRecombinant technology_______, along with a variety of _____-associated factors, make up the TFIID, a general transcription factor that in turn makes up part of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.[6] As one of the few proteins in the preinitiation complex that bindsTBP__________ helps the position rna polymerase 2 over transcription start site.TBPIt is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters.sigma factor (σ factor)is tRNA to which its cognated amino acid is chemically bondedcharged trna________________are those in which a tRNA mutation allows an amino acid to be inserted into a protein despite a premature termination/stop codon (PTC) in the mRNANonsense suppressor mutationsInject this DNA into a sheep oocyte. The plasmid DNA will integrate into the chromosomal DNA, resulting in the addition of the human hormone gene into the sheep's genome. Implant the fertilized oocyte into a female sheep, which then gives birth to a transgenic sheep offspring.Plasmid vectorA plasmid bector is part of genetic engineering__________must have an origin of replication.Plasmid vectors_________must have a multiple cloning site (polylinker).Plasmid vectors_________ must carry a selectable marker (drug resistance) for selectionPlasmid vectorsA ________library contains chromosomal DNA fragments.genomicA ________library contains cDNA (DNA copies of mRNA, representing expressed genes).cDNAA cDNA library is produced from ________a DNA copy of mRNA isolated from a group of cells;cDNA library is valued in the analysis of ______the protein-encoding open reading frame of a gene (no introns)A very unlucky individual is born with Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, Cri du chat syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. How many chromosomes does this person have altogether in their somatic cells?46Prader-Willi syndromes:46, del (1sq)Suppose that a couple produces two children with Angelman syndrome. The first child grows up and has one child with Angelman syndrome (spouse is normal). The couple's second child grows up and has one child with Prader-Willi syndrome (spouse is normal). a. Which parent of the original couple is abnormal - the mother or the father?(Note: Whether the parent has AS or PWS cannot be determined.)motherSuppose that a couple produces two children with Angelman syndrome. The first child grows up and has one child with Angelman syndrome (spouse is normal). The couple's second child grows up and has one child with Prader-Willi syndrome (spouse is normal). b. Is the original couples' first child male or female?FemaleSuppose that a couple produces two children with Angelman syndrome. The first child grows up and has one child with Angelman syndrome (spouse is normal). The couple's second child grows up and has one child with Prader-Willi syndrome (spouse is normal). c. Is the original couples' second child male or female?MaleVitellogenin is a protein found in egg yolk. Placental mammals do not use egg yolk for their embryos, but fish, reptiles and birds do.VtgWhat type of gene is vtg?Pseudogenesaberrant euploidy and aneuploidygain or loss of chromosome(s______ is an RTFmethylation______may inhibit transcription, either by preventing the binding of an activator protein or by recruiting proteins that cause the chromatin to become more compact.DNA methylationMethylation alters thethe number of methyl groups creates different binding sites for other proteins to activate or repress gene expressionThe _______of lysine neutralizes its positive charge, thereby loosening the interaction between histones and DNA.AcetylationThe phosphorylation of serine adds a __________ charge, thereby loosening the interaction between histones and DNAExpression of X-linked genes prior to embryonic X inactivation or expression of a few genes on the inactivated X chromosome may attribute to the characteristics of sex chromosomal aneuploidyIn female mammals, the inactivated X chromosomes can be seen as a highly condensed structures, called a_____, in the nucleus.Barr body1. binding of an effector molecule (eg, hormone).Can modulate RTF2. protein-protein interaction (eg, dimerization).Can modulate RTF3. covalent modification (eg, phosphorylation).Can modulate RTF_________prevent changes in chromatin structure by stopping the spread of heterochromatin.Barrier insulators