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APWH Key Concepts Buzzword Review - Period #3

Terms in this set (60)

Byzantium
E. Roman Empire/Constantinople(TRADE)/Hagia Sofia/ Centralized/Theocracy/ Eastern Orthodox Church
Justinian
Justinian Code/Theodora/Expanded Territory/Hippodrome (chariot races)
Kievan Rus
800CE contact w/ Vikings/Law code/Cyrillic alphabet - brought by Christian missionaries/ Trade w/ Byzantines/ E. Orthodox Christianity
Novgorod
Kievan Rus City/TRADE = agricultural products / Located @ rivers connecting Black ->Baltic Sea
Beginning of Islam
Muhammad = prophet/Saudi Arabia/Mecca & Medina/Allah/5 Pillars/Quran/ less patriarchal
Sunni/Shi'a Split
Muhammad left no successor/Sunni = rightly guided person/Shi'a = blood relative of Muhammad / Still split today!
People of the Book
Granted religious freedom by the Muslims / Christians & Jews/ Book = bible / TAXED
Umayyad Empire
Capital = Damascus/@ height control territory from Indus River to Spain - largest empire in history after Rome/Sunni rulers
Sufism
Mystical Form of Islam/began in Umayyad b/c objected to luxurious life of rulers/spread to Persia & India/personal connection to god
Abbasid Empire
Capital = Baghdad/GOLDEN AGE - Science & Poetry(Persian)/Religious tolerance/Sunni rulers
Islam on Iberian Peninsula
Spain/Capital=Cordoba/ Spread stopped @ Battle of Tours (France)/Trade (dhow)/ Library/Architecture (Alhambra)
Dar al Islam
Muslim World
Bantu Migration
Left W. Africa @ 3000B.C.E. / River travel (canoes) to W. & Cent. Africa / Spread - disease (malaria), LANGUAGE, metallurgy, ancestor worship
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Merchants from SW Asia (Middle East) travel w/ camels / Africans Gold, Ivory, Slaves for Salt, Textiles, Horses
Indian Ocean Trade Routes
w/ E. coast of African Swahili City-states (Mogadishu, Kilwa, etc.) Monsoons = allow trade w/ SE Asia
Swahili city-states
E. coast of Africa (Mogadishu, Kilwa, Zanzibar)/ Swahili = "coasters"/ Trade Ivory, Gold, Slaves for Cotton & Porcelain
Ghana
W. Africa / Traded w/ Muslims - Gold, Ivory for Salt, Copper, Textiles / Centralized govt
Mali
W. Africa / $ from trade & taxes / Timbuktu = Islamic center of learning/ Sundiata = founder / Mansa Musa = hajj to Mecca
Zimbabwe
E. Africa @ Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers / Great Zimbabwe = great city
Syncretism
1. Swahili = Bantu & Arabic 2. Ethiopian Christianity = Christianity & native beliefs 3. Neo-Confucianism = Confucianism & Buddhism/Daoism
Griot
Sub-Saharan Africa / Oral storytellers / preserved history
Axum
Ethiopia / Christianity / Terrace Farming
Sui Dynasty
Ended 400 yrs of chaos after fall of Han/Grand Canal / Extended Great Wall / Forced labor on public works
Hangzhou
Chinese city @ end of Grand Canal / center of trade in Sui Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
Period of peace / expanded territory / tribute empire/ Bureaucracy / Civil Service exams / spread Buddhism / kowtow = bow
Champa Rice
Fast-ripening rice - 2 crops per year/Tang Dynasty get via trade w/Vietnam
Song Dynasty
Bureaucracy & meritocracy increase b/c gave poor opps. for education/Inventions = flying money, gunpowder, mag. Compass/Foot binding
Neo-Confucianism
Song Dynasty/Syncretic Confucianism & Daoism/ Buddhism/ spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam
Yuan Dynasty (MONGOLS)
Genghis = expanded - siege weapons & horses/ Pax Mongolica/ inventions - stirrup & horse collar/Kublai = Yuan/Golden Horde - Russia
Sinification
Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; Korea & Japan = Vietnam =
Japan in PC
Fear of Chinese power /Taika Reforms = increase power of central govt. - failed/ Feudalism = daimyo(lords) bushido (code of conduct)
Korea in PC
Sinification / Tribute payments to China/ Confucianism/ Buddhism / Writing/ Bureaucracy = not merit based as in China
Vietnam in PC
Sinification = limited - Buddhism & education in Chinese lang. / Nuclear family / decentralized
Charlemagne
HRE / Carolingian / Frank = defeated Muslims @ Tours / Holy Barbarian b/c forced conversion to Christianity
European Feudalism
Manorialism/ King-Vassals-Knights-Serfs/ chivalry/guilds/fiefs=land/3-field system/ Hanseatic league = trade alliance
Great Schism
Split of Christianity - Roman Cath v. East Orth
Renaissance
Italy to N. Europe/Patrons (pope = #1)/ Humanism - Erasmus "Praise of Folly / Copernicus - Heliocentric Theory
Crusades
Christianity v. Islam / Holy Land/ 4 Total
4th = Venice crusade sacked Constantinople
...
Aztecs
Chinampas/Tenochtitlan/Human Sacrifice- fuels expansion/ Trade Tribute economy/ Pochteca
Inca
Waru waru = terraces/mita = public servie/ Peru Quecha = lang/ Huacas = shrines/ancestor worship/Quipu/Carpa Nan = roads
Ibn Batuta
Morrocan Traveler/Africa, ME, & China/ journal "The Travels"
Marco Polo
Italian Traveler/ Mongol Court/ Kubalai Khan/ wrote history of the Mongols
Xuanzang
Chinese Traveler/ Buddhist monk/ India/ journal of travels
Polynesian Migrations
Deliberate movement of Polynesians throughout the Pacific/ Philippines -> NZ -> Samoa -> Easter Island -> Hawaii/ carried plants(yams), animals(pig), language/ large 2 hulled-boats w/ sails
Byzantium(Decline)
SLOW-Constant wars = $, 4th Crusade = Sacked by Crusades, 1453 conquered by Ottomans
Kievan Rus(Decline)
Depended on trade w/Byzantines = Cut off w/ 1453 Ottoman victory
Novgorod(Decline)
15th century taken by the Russians
Umayyad Empire(Decline)
weak leaders/corruption/conquered by Abbasid
Abbasid Empire(Decline)
Tax collection = hard b/c of size/Invasions - Turks, Crusaders, Mongols
Islam on Iberian Peninsula(Decline)
Spanish Reconquista - kicked out all Muslims & Jews (Ferdinand&Isabella)
Ghana(Decline)
Weakened by war - replaced by Mali
Mali(Decline)
Declined after death of Mansa Musa - replaced by Songhay
Zimbabwe(Decline)
Overgrazing of land led to abandoning the city
Sui Dynasty(Decline)
Short - lasted only 40 years/ High taxes for public works (Grand Canal & Great Wall) / Emperor assassinated
Tang Dynasty(Decline)
Military rebellion - invaded by Uighurs from C. Asia
Song Dynasty(Decline)
scholar-gentry are so focused on Confucianism they lack military knowledge-invaded by Mongols
Yuan Dynasty-Mongols(Decline)
Peasant revolts (White Lotus Society)/overexpansion/mistrusted by native Chinese
Aztec(Decline)
Conquered peoples mad about mistreatment/Europeans(Cortez), Disease,advanced weapons
Inca(Decline)
Conquered peoples mad about mistreatment/Europeans(Pizarro), Disease,advanced weapons
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