Research Methods- Chapter 15 (Final Exam)

Chapter 15: Social Science Qualitative Approaches to Communication Research

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Chapter 15: Social Science Qualitative Approaches to Communication Research

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Method Describes/understands communication as it relates to....
-Ethnography: A culture or cultural group.
-Grounded theory: Behavior within social situations and multiple realities
-Phenomenology: Meaning within lived experience
-Case study: Illustrative case(s)
-Discourse analysis: Creation of reality in (usually) oral discourse and interactions (Foster & Bochner, 2008).
-Conversation analysis: Interpersonal social action in sequences of utterances and interaction as agents of action and activity (Wooffitt, 2005)
-Qualitative Content Analysis: Occurrences of specific messages in texts

Metacodes

overarching coding categories that connect lower level categories or themes

Ethnography

-Immerse yourself in the culture/conduct fieldwork
-Study patterns, symbols, norms, rules, assumptions
-Study phenomena in context
-Rely on intuition, language, interpretation
-Non-random sampling
>Select INFORMANTS (informants are not bad)
-Use emergent design
-Frequently use member checks (member checks are used to enhance credibility)
-Report as a case study (Don't generalize to population)

Types of Ethnography

1. Ethno-methodology: studying everyday tasks/interactions in the culture, not only to understand them but more to look for what goes unnoticed
2. Ethnography of Communication: studying of routine or ritualized interactions w/n that culture that often come in the form of a speech event, measure focusing comm competence
I.e. Brais closing the door when lecture is starting, when she does this to students turn laptop on, get notes, pay attention

Grounded Theory

-use if you want to create new theory or to analyze or add onto an existent theory 1.Theoretical saturation- collecting data until no new categories of the theory emerge
2. Theoretical sampling-collecting participants who have characteristics/opinions of the theory you're creating or using
3. Emergent design

Phenomenology

-void of the researchers view on the subject
-Study of experience from each individual's point of view
-Bracketing: a systemic process of removing or identifying preconceived ideas or assumptions you may have about the phenomenon you are studying
I.e. Katrina

Case Study

-In-depth study of particular case, in an attempt to understand a larger issue of theory (ext. of definition)
-can mean a lot of different things
-"Bounded unit"- have to study more than one person, have to look at a series of understandings as one unit
I.e. carnival cruises- the cruises that had issues

Discourse Analysis

-Studies speech acts
>How speech acts construct meaning
-interested in grammar, the way language is used to construct meaning
-Moves from content of discourse, to delivery, to context, and meaning from each

Conversation Analysis (CA)

-Focuses on social, everyday, ordinary conversation
>"Talk-in-interaction"
-Studies how people talk
-focuses on characteristics of talk, not language
-inclused symbols