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The Civil Rights Movement (Chapter 21)

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (29)

Brown v. Board of Education impact/importance
Supreme Court ruling reversing the policy of segregation from Plessy v Ferguson, declaring that seperate can never be equal and a year later ordered the integration of all public schools with all deliberate speed
Little Rock "9"
1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision.
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
Martin Luther King
Non-violent Civil Rights leader, became youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, helped found Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and led March on Washington where he delivered "I have a Dream" speech.
March on Washington, 1963
August - 200,000 demonstrators met on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil rights movement.
goal was to persuade congress to pass the civil rights bill
Freedom Riders, 1961
Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation; leaders Jim Farmer and Jim Peck
CORE organized it
people who went against the law of not being able to go in opposite race public areas
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. Encouraged greater social equality and decreased the wealth and education gap
literacy test is outlawed
voting percentages rise
Defacto
segregation based on customs or traditions
Selma March
A march that was attempted three times to protest voting rights, with many peaceful demonstrators injured and killed. started at selma bc Jimmy Lee was shot there and SNCC was there. Led by MLK. Resulted in Voting Rights Act.
Dejure
Segregation based on laws
Jim Crow Laws
southern state laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites (grandfather clause, poll tax, literacy tests, separate but equal, etc)
lunch counter sit-ins
protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
NAACP
Organization which fought for civil rights for African Americans, mainly through court cases (behind the Brown v. Board of Education case)
SCLC
Organization formed by MLK in 1957 to organize nonviolent resistance to achieve equality for African Americans
SNCC
Organization founded in 1960 by college students to organize sit-ins and other nonviolent protests and offer young people a voice in the movement; became more radical in the late 1960s under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael
Malcolm X
1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter who argued for separation, not integration. He changed his views, but was assassinated in by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965.
thought everything was whites fault and they should be seperate from blacks then later viewed that blacks should try to work with whites and unite
Claudette Colvin
came before Rosa Parks and resisted bus segregation
Emmitt Till
brutally treated and dumped into river
allegedly whistled at white woman
cause of civil rights movements
James Meredith and his college enrollment
United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi.
race riots
riots based on the color of skin
Stokely Carmichael
Coined the phrase "black power" and led SNCC away from a nonviolent approach.
Rosa Parks
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)
congress of racial equality
CORE - Helped organize integration of the military and later the "freedom rides".
Black Panthers
A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest; "advocating self-rule for American blacks"
Nation of Islam
A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans.
Freedom Summer
In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote.
governor faubus
He was the governor of Arkansas during the time of the Little Rock Crisis. He attempted to block the integration of the school by using the national guard, leading to a confrontation with the Eisenhower and ultimately integration of the school.
black power movement
Belief in violence for self-defence and to confront white racism
•Pride in black heritage
•Emphasis on black separation and self-reliance
•Leader: Malcolm X
•Promoted black participation in public affairs and business
•Black Panthers
► more militant
► violent
confrontations
with police
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