ENGR Ethics Quiz

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Roger Boisjoly
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Terms in this set (88)
Roger Boisjoly
*Name of the engineer who refused to support the Challenger Launch
Math/Science + materials/forces + judgment -> Benefit of humankind
*Engineering
A good or satisfactory condition of existence; a state characterized by health, happiness, and prosperity
Well-Being
National Society of Professional Engineers
*NSPE
Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public
*NSPE Code of Ethics first line
Going beyond the requirements of duty. Greater that that required or needed
Supererogatory
You think about if your design could end up hurting people in some way
Preventive ethics
Invasion or limitation of a person's freedom or well-beings
Harm
Commas generally inside; colons and semicolons generally outside
Where does punctuation go among quotes?
the doing of good
beneficence
the doing of evil or harmmaleficencethe making of amends for wrong or injuryreparationClear-cut exampleParadigmCreating series of lines that range from unethical to ethical for relevant features of a question of ethicsLine drawingExtremely immoral exampleNegative ParadigmThe most moral examplePositive ParadigmFinding something in between the Negative Paradigm and the Positive ParadigmCreative Middle WayA set of moral rules generally acceptedCommon MoralityThe ability to make moral judgments based on some commonly held notion of right and wrongMoral AgencyBenefits - Costs, preferably in dollarsCost-benefit approachA self-realizing theory that makes happiness or personal well-being the chief good for humanityEudaimonia"For example"E.g."That is"*I.e.Identification with a person's feelings or thoughtsEmpathic(Empathetic)Something made by humansArtifactUtilitarianism: The greatest good for the greatest number of people Respect for Persons: Same as Golden Rule. Concern for individuals Rights Ethics: We all have fundamental rights Virtue Ethics: Think of a person who is virtuous. What would they do? Duty Ethics: Doing what you boss saysList the five rules or moral theories for applying ethics. (Hint: U, R, R, V, D)The minimum level of what experts would agree the person should have known and done in doing the designsThe Standard of CareThe most widely used law dictionary in the United StatesBlack's Law Dictionary"First do no harm" "Allow no harm"*Hippocratic Oath paraphrased line: *What engineer's oath should be:A wrongful act that results in injury to another's person, property, reputation, or the like, and for which the injured party is entitled to compensationThe Standards of Tort LawSomething disadvantageous. Responsibility or obligation to make the person wholeLiabilityAttempting to solve a problem without using technology, such as passing lawsSocial engineeringEstablishes a Code of Fair Information Practice that governs the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personally identifiable information about individuals that is maintained in systems of records by federal agenciesPrivacy Act Passed by Congress in 1974The idea that technology has a life of its own and nothing we do can ultimately stop itWhat is Technology Determinism?Belief that technology developments generally lead to goodWhat is Technology Optimism?Belief that technology developments generally lead to more bad than goodWhat is Technology Pessimism?Considering both sides of the debateThe Critical AttitudeNot withholding anything you think might be relevantWhat does "full disclosure" imply?Intentional falsehoodLyingKnow more than you revealDeliberate deceptionDistortingFalsification of dataInventingFabrication of dataA deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful gainFraudWriting and discoveriesIntellectual PropertyUse of ip without permissionPlagiarismIntellectual PropertyIPInventionsPatentsMust be new, useful , and nonobviousPatent requirements20 yearsHow long are patents good for?Confidential info on how a company does somethingTrade secretsWords, phrases, designs, sounds associated with goodsTrademarksCreative products like books, pictures, graphics, music, programs Good for the life of the author +70 years or 95 yearsCopyrightsMaintaining secrecyConfidientialityPersonal interests keep you from doing what is in your clients best interestsConflict of InterestTo withdraw from a position of judging so as to avoid any semblance of partiality or biasRecuseConflict of interestWhats the most common complaint brought to NSPE?Probability x Magnitude of Harm*What is the product for risk?If Risk is =< Probability x Magnitude of Benefit*Acceptable riskPerson not coerced and must have relevant informationFree and Informed ConsentOf a pertaining to a physical disorder that is caused by or notably influenced by emotional factorsPsychosomaticA way in which a structure, mechanism, system, or process can malfunctionA failure modeTake a hypothetical event and predict all possible consequencesEvent tree analysisProcesses are tightly connected in such a way that one process is known to affect another and usually in a short amount of timeTight couplingUnintentional areas of ethical violationsWhat's a blind spot?Exercising judgement without required outside inputProfessional AutonomyIn the absence of a contract, an employer may discharge an employee at any time for virtually any reasonEmployment at willHuman-centeredAnthropocentric"Silent Spring" Bringing down DDTWhat Rachel Carson wroteCan experience pleasure, pain, and other conscious mental statesWhat are the criteria for moral status?Equitable distribution of environmental good and harms"Environmental Justice"To keep in existence, maintain; prolongSustainabilityNo compromise to future generationsSustainable developmentCare or managementStewardshipMoral laxism and Moral rigorismWhat are the two terms for extreme moral practices and extreme lack thereof?Problems faced by engineers in other countriesBoundary crossing problemThe engineers homeHome countryWhere the engineer is workingHost countryAbide by home country rules 100%Absolute solutionAbide by home country rules 100%Imperialist solutionWhen in Rome, do as the Romans doRelativist solutionThe use of someone or something in an unjust or cruel mannerExploitationPayment of money or something of value in exchange for special considerationBriberyUsually small payments which typically facilitate routine bureaucratic decisionsGrease paymentsHiring family membersNepotismYou do this for me and I will do that for youQuid pro quoOverride ability of others to decide what they should doPaternalismWhen you believe the recipient is not capable of understandingWeak paternalismIn spite of recipient understandingStrong paternalism