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Cardiovascular System Test

Terms in this set (77)

What Blood type is the universal Donor?
O-
What blood type is the universal acceptor?
AB+
What is an Antigen?
A substance foreign to the body that causes an immune response. A carb attached to a protein or lipid.
What is an Anti-body
Binds to foreign substances, and destroys them. Determines blood type. Is a protein
What is the foreign disease?
What is the thing that protects the body from the foreign pathogen?
Antigen
Antibody
Where are antigens located
On the surface of red blood cells
Where are antibodies located
In the blood plasma
What is a blood transfusion
Putting foreign blood into someone's body
What are the two componets of blood
Cells and Plasma
What percent of blood is cells
45%
What percent of blood is plasma?
55%
Thrombocytes
platelets
Leukocytes
White Blood Cells
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
What are the Functions of the cardiovascular system within the body?
Transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. And to Transport metabolic wastes away from the body (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste)
Symptoms & Causes of Sickle Cell Anemia
Pain, Infections, and damage to body organs
Changes in blood with Sickle Cell Anemia
Red blood cells change from their normal shape and, and carry less oxygen
Treatments for Sickle Cell Anemia
Blood Transfusions, Surgery, Oxygen
Symptoms and cause of Hemophilia
People bleed longer, bruise easier
Genetic
Change in blood with Hemophilia
Impairs the blood's ability to clot
Treatment of Hemophilia
Replacing missing blood clot factors
Symptoms and Cause of Leukemia
Tired, Fever, pale, weight loss, shortness of breath
Cancer that begins in the bone marrow
Change in blood with leukemia
Abnormal amount of white blood cells
Treatment for leukemia
Chemotherapy
Symptoms & Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Swelling and pain in legs, red leg veins you can see
Inactivity, injury to blood vessels
Change in blood with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot in a deep vein, can move to other places and even cut off blood flow to your lungs
Treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Blood thinning drugs
Symptom & Causes of Anemia
Not enough iron, illness, genetics, rapid blood loss
Tired, weakness, short of breath, hard to excercise
Treatment of Anemia
Iron by injection or orally, blood transfusions
Functions of blood within the body
Transport, protect, and regulate. Transport substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the rest of the body. Nutrients from digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body.
Cardiovascular system
Consists of the heart and the blood vessels which blood flows through
Circulatory System
Consists of all the routes through which different forms of circulating fluids in the body flow
Heart Valve Function
Ensures unidirectional blood flow through the heart
Location of the Atrioventricular(AV) valves
Lies between the atria and ventricles
Function of the Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
Right AV Valve
Has 3 cusps (Tricspid valve)
Left AV Valve
Has 2 cusps (mitral, bicupsid valve)
Chordae tendineae Function
Anchor AV valves to papillary muscles
Aortic semilunar Valve Location
Lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Semilunar valves Function
Prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles
Three main types of blood vessels within the body
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart and transport it to the rest of the body
Veins
Carry Blood the opposite direction back to the heart from the rest of the body. Carries wastes that need to leave the body
Capillaries
Very tiny, let oxygen and nutrients pass from the blood to body cells
Connect arteries to veins
Pulmonary Circulation
Circulation of blood in which deoxygenated blood is pumped from the hear to the lungs, and oxygenated blood is returned to the heart. Only occurs between the heart and the lungs
Systemic Circulation
Occurs between the heart and the entire body
Pericadium
Protects and anchors the heart
Prevents overfiliing
Allows for friction-free environment
Fibrous pericardium + parietal pericardium=
Pericardium
Epicardium (Visceral pericadium)
Serous membrane covers heart
Protects the heart by reducing friction (serous fluid)
Myocardium (Visceral Pericardium)
Thick muscular layer that pumps blood out of the heart
Rich blood supply, lymph capillaries and nerve fibers
Layer that contracts
Endocardium
Composed of elastic and collagenous fibers
Contains purkinje fibers (part of impulse conducting with the heart)
Lines the heart chambers & Forms valve flaps
Two chambers of the heart
(2)Atria and (2)ventricle
Right Atrium
Recieves oxugen poor blood and pumps it to the right ventricle
What divides the left and right sides of the heart
Walls called septums
Atrial Septum
Separates the right and left atrium
Ventricular septum
Separates the right and left ventricles
What is the difference between a bicuspid and a tricuspid
The bicuspid valve has two flaps and the tricuspid has three flaps
A person with A, B, or AB antigens have which blood types?
A, b, or AB
Type A blood
A antigens, and anti-b antibodies
Type B blood
B antigens, with anti-a Antibodies
Type Ab Blood
A and B antigens, with neither anti-a or anti-b antibodies
Type O Blood
Neither A or B antigens, and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Positive blood
Blood cells have RHD Antigens present on the blood cell surface
Negative Blood
Blood cells do not have RhD antigens present on the blood surface
Blood flow starts
Right atrium
Right Atrium through________ and enters the _______________
Tricpsid valve and right ventricle
from right ventricle through the ______ to the ________
pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk
from pulmonary trunk to
right and left pulmonary arteries
Right and left pulmonary arteries to the
right and left pulmonary veins
right and left pulmonary veins to the
left atrium
left atrium to the
mitral/bicupsid valve
mitral/bicupsid valve to the
left ventricle
left ventricle to the
aortic semi valve
aortic semi valve to the
aorta
aorta to
Circulates through the systemic arteries, capillary beds of the body tissues to systemic vein
from the systemic vein to
Superior and inferior Vena Cava
Superior and inferior Vena Cava back to
Right Atrium
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