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WHAP Period 3 Key Terms

Terms in this set (84)

When was period 3 (Regional and transregional interactions)?
600 c.e. to 1450 c.e
Islam
New monotheistic faith in the seventh century
Founder is Muhammad
Believe salvation is won through submission to the will of God
Five Pillars of Islam
- confession of faith
- prayer five times a day
- charity to the needy
- fast during Ramadan
- pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during life
Mecca
Holy city of Islam, where Muhammad grew up
city laid on many trade routes. Leaders of Mecca wanted to maintain polytheistic shrines that attracted pilgrims and brought wealth so threatened to persecute Muhammad when he began preaching
Medina
City Muhammad and his followers fled to in 622 c.e. from Mecca in what is known as the hijra. Gained support in Medina and returned to Mecca in 630 when he destroyed all pagan shrines except for the Ka'aba (which became focal point for pilgrimage).
Abu Bakr
After Muhammad died 632, became caliph - head of state, military commander, chief judge, religious leader. Was ruler of empire but also made pronouncements on religious doctrine.
Theocracy
government ruled by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as being divinely guided
Caliphate
ruled by caliph
theocratic empire
There was no clear line of succession causing a great dispute
Umayyad Dynasty
Ali (last of first four caliphs) assassinated by son, Hasan. Hasan under pressure from prominent fam in Mecca so relinquished title of caliph and made way for establishment of Umayyad Dynasty. Dynasty enlarged Islamic empire dramatically. Intensified conflict w the Byzantine and Persian Empire. Arabic official lang, those not Muslim had to pay tax
Charles Martel
686-741
Frankish leader who stopped Muslim advance toward Paris when Umayyads trying to expand empire into Europe. Islamic Empire never flourished in Europe beyond Spain and Southern Italy. Battle of Tours
Shia Sunni Split
Disagreement over rightful successor to Muhammad
Shias believed Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, was rightful heir to throne
Sunnis hold Ali in high esteem but don't believe that he and his hereditary line are the chosen successors - they believe leaders should be drawn from broad base of people
Abbasid Dynasty
750 to 1258
oversaw golden age where arts and science flourished. Built magnificent capital at Baghdad. Introduced unique idea of credit to trade mechanisms as well as receipts and bills. Defeated T'ang Chinese army during Battle of Talus River 751 and gained control of Silk Road trading posts in central Asia
Levant
present-day Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon
Muslims and Christians battled for control of this area during Crusades. Europe found own history among Arabic libraries = interaction bw two peoples leads to trade and cultural exchange
Sufis
Islamic mystics
Stressed personal relationship with Allah - made Islam highly adaptable to many diff circumstances
Converted many to Islam
How were women treated under the Qu'ran?
Women remained subservient to men
Considered equal before Allah
If divorced, man must return dowry
Infanticide forbidden
Woman's testimony in court only given half the credit of a man's
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