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mental health exam 2

Terms in this set (123)

abuse
the wrongful use and maltreatment of another person
acting out
an immature defense mechanism by which the person deals with emotional conflicts or stressors through actions rather than through reflection or feelings.
acute stress d/o
diagnosis is appropriate when symptoms appear within the first month after the trauma and do not persist longer than 4 weeks.
anger
a normal human emotion involving a strong, uncomfortable, emotional response, to a real or perceived provocation.
catharsis
activities that are suppose to provide a release for strong feelings such as anger and rage.
child abuse
the intentional injury of a child
crisis phase
during a period of emotional and physical crisis, the client loses control.
cycle of violence
a typical pattern in domestic violence battering: violence; honeymoon remorseful period: tension-buidling; and, finally violence; this pattern continually repeats itself throughout the relationship.
date rape (acquantance rape)
sexual assault that may occur on the first date, on a ride home from a party, or when the 2 people have known each other for some time.
dissociation
a subconscious defense mechanism that helps a person protect his or her emotional self from recognizing the full effects of some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove itself from the painful situations or memory
dissociative disorders
d/o that have the essential features of a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or enviromental perception; include amnesia, fugue, and dissociative identity disorder.
elder abuse
the maltreatment of older adults by family members or caretakers.
escalation phase
aggression cycle phase when the clients responses represent escalating behaviors that indicate movement towards a loss of control.
family violence
encompasses domestic or partner battering; neglect and physical, emotional, or sexual abuse of children; elder abuse; and marital rape
grounding techniques
helpful to use with the client who is dissociating or experiencing a flashback; this reminds the patient the client that he or she is in the present, as an adult, and is safe.
hostility
an emotion expressed through verbal abuse, lack of cooperation, violence of rules or norms, or threatening behavior; also called verbal aggression
impulse control
the inability to delay gratification and to think about ones behavior before acting out.
intergenerational transmission process
explains that patterns of violence are perpetuated from one generation to the next through role modeling and social learning
intimate partner violence
the mistreatment, misuse, or abuse of one person by another in the context of a close, personal, or committed relationship
neglect
malicious or ignorant with holding of physical emotional or educational necesseties for the childs well-being
physical abuse
ranges from shoving and pushing to severe battering and choking and may involve broken limbs and ribs, internal bleeding, brain damge and even homicide
physical aggression
behvavior in which a person attacks or injures another person or that involves destruction of property
postcrisis phase
aggression cycle phase where the client attempts reconciliation with others and returns to the level of functioning before the aggressive incident and its antecedents.
post traumatic stress disorder
a disturbing pattern of behavior demonstrated by someone who has experienced a traumatic event; for example, a natural disaster, a combat, or an assault; begins 3 or more months following the trauma
psychological abuse (emotional abuse)
includes name-calling, belittling, screaming, yelling, destroying property, and making threats as well as subtler forms such as refusing to speak to or ignoring the victim.
recovery phase
phase of aggression cycle where client regains physical and emotional control
repressed memories
memories that are buried deeply in the subconscious mind or repsressed b/c they are too painful for the victim to acknowledge; often related to childhood abuse
restraining order
legal order of protection obtained to prohibit contact btwn a victim and a perpetrator of abuse
sexual abuse
involves sexual acts performed by an adult on a child younger than 18
sodomy
anal intercourse
stalking
repeated and persistent attempts to impose unwanted communication or contact on another person.
survivor
view of the client as a survivor of trauma or abuse rather than as a victim; help to refocus clients views of himself or herself as being strong enough to survive the ordeal, which is a more empowering image than seeing oneself as victim
triggering phase
phase of aggression cycle where an event or circumstance in the environment initiates the clients repsonse, which is often anger or hostility.
acculturation
altering cultural views or behaviors as a way to adapt to another culture
adaptive denial
the client gradually adjusts to the reality of the loss: initially deny then slowly/gradually start accepting
anergy
lack of energy
anhedonia
having no pleasure or joy in life; losing any sense of pleasure form activities formerly enjoyed
anticipatory grieving
when people facing an imminent loss begin to grapple with the very real possibility of the loss or death in the near future
attachment behaviors
affectional bonds with significant others
attentive presence
being with the client and focusing intently on communicating with and understanding him or her
bereavement
refers to the process by which a person experiences grief
complicated grieving
a response outside the norm and occurring when a person is void of emotion, grieves for prolonged periods, or has expressions of grief that seem disproportionate to the event.
cyclothymic
characterized by 2 years of numerous periods of both hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder.
depression
...
disenfranchised grief
grief over a loss that is not or cannot be mourned publicly or supported socially
dysthymic d/o
char. by at least 2 yrs. of depressed mood for more days than not with some additional, less severe symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode.
electroconvulsive (ECT)
used to treat depression in select groups such as clients who do not respond to antidepressants or those who experience intolerable medication s/e at therapeutic doses
euthymic
normal or level mood
flight of ideas
excessive amount and rate of speech composed of fragmented or unrelated ideas; racing, often unconnected, thoughts.
grief
subjective emotions and affect that are a normal response to the experience of loss
grieving
the process by which a person experiences grief
grieving tasks
"mourning, " Randos 6 r's
homeostasis
a state of equilibrium or balance
hypertensive crisis
a life-threatening condition that can result when a client taking MAOIs ingests tyramine-containg foods and fluids or other medications
hypomania
a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting 4 days; does not impair the ability to function and does not involve psychotic features
kindling process
the snowball-like effect seen when minor seizure activity seems to build up into more frquent and severs seizures
labile emotions
rapidly changing or fluctuating, such as someones moods or emotions
latency of repsonse
refers to hesitation before the client responds to questions
mania
a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable
mood disorders
pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression or mania or both
mourning
the outward expression of grief
outcry
(Mardi Horowitz) First realization of the loss. may be expressed by: screaming, yelling, crying, or collapse. these feelings take a great deal of energy to sustain and tend to be short-lived
post-partum depression
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post-partum psychosis
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pressured speech
unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking with out pauses
psychomotor agitation
increased body movements and thoughts
psychomotor retardation
overall slowed movements; a general slowing of all movements; slow cognitive processing and slow verbal interaction
rapid cycling
...
ruminate
to repeatedly go over the same thoughts
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
mood disorder with 2 subtypes; in one, most commonly called winter depression or fall-onset, people experience increased sleep, appetite and carbohydrate cravings; weight gain; interpersonal conflict; irritability; and heaviness in the extremities beginning in late autumn and abating in spring and summer; the other subtype, called spring-onset, is less common and includes symptoms of insomnia, weight loss, and poor appetite lasting from late spring or early summer until early fall
spirituality
a clients beliefs about life, health, illness, death, and ones relationship to the universe; involves the essence of a persons being and his or her beleifs about the meaning of life and the purpose of living.
suicidal ideation
thinking about killing oneself
suicide
the intentional act of killing oneself
suicide precautions
removal of harmful items; increased supervision to prevent acts of self-harm
theories of grieving
Kubler Ross, Bowlby, Engel, and Harowitz
yearning
a feeling of intense longing for something
agoraphobia
a marked fear of being alone or in a public place from which escape would be difficult in the event of suddenly becoming disabled
anxiety
a vague feeling of dread or apprehension; it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms.
anxiety disorders
a group of conditions that share a key feature of excessive anxiety, with ensuring behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and pyhsiological responses
assertiveness training
techniques using statements to identify feelings and communicate needs and concerns to others; helps the person negotiate interpersonal situations, fosters self assurance and ultimately assists the person to take more control over life situations
avoidance behavior
behavior designed to avoid unpleasant consequences or potentially threatening situations
decastrophizing
making more realistic appraisal of situation
body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance
compulsions
ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously in an attempt to neutralize anxiety
conversion disorder
unexplained, usually sudden deficits in sensory or motor function related to an emotional conflict the client experiences but does not handle directly.
depersonalization
feelings of being disconnected from himself or herself; the client feels detached from his or her behavior
derealization
client senses that events are not real, when in fact they are
disease phobia
preoccupation with the fear that one will get a serious disease
dissociative disorder
have the essential feature of a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or environmental perception; include amnesia, fugue, and dissociative identity disorder
dissociative fugue
the client has episodes of suddenly leaving the home or place of work w/ out any explanation, traveling to another city, and being unable to remeber his/her past or identity. he/she may assume a new identity. (fugitive)
dissociative identity disorder
(multiple personality d/o) client displays 2 or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of his/her behavior. accompanied by the inability to recall important personal info.
emotion-focused coping strategies
techniques to assist clients to relax and reduce feelings of stress
exposure
behavioral technique that involves having the client deliberatly confront the situations and stimuli that he or she is trying to avoid
factitious disorder
characterized by physical symptoms that are feigned or inflicted for the sole purpose of drawing attention to oneself and gaining the emotional benefits of assuming the sick role
fear
feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable, external stimulus that represents danger to the person.
flooding
a form of rapid desensitization in which a behavorial therapist confronts the patient with the phobic object (either a picture or the actual object) until it no longer produces anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder
anxiety. chronic: longer than 6 months. treatment: Buspirone, SSRIs
hypochondriasis
preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease or will get a serious disease
hysteria
refers to multiple, recurrent physical complaints with no organic basis
identity problem
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internalization
keeping stress, anxiety or frustration inside rather than expressing them outwardly
la belle indifference
a seeming lock of concern or distress; a key feature of conversion disorder
malingering
the intentional production of false or grossly exagerated physical or psychological symptoms.
mild anxiety
a sensation that something is different and warrants special attention
moderate anxiety
the disturbing feeling that something is definietly wrong; the person becomes nervous or agitated,
munchausens syndrome
a factitious disorder where the person intentionaly causes injury or physical symptoms to self to gain attention and sympathy from health-care providers, family and others.
obsession
recurrent persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function.
pain disorder
has the primary physical symptom of pain, which generally is unreleived by analgesics and greatly affected by psychological factors in terms onset, severity, exacerbation, and maintenance,
panic anxiety
intense anxiety, may be repsonse to a life threatening situation
panic attack
between 15 and 30 min of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiological discomfort
panic disorder
composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks, that is 15-30 min of rapid, intense, escalating anxiety in which the person experiences great emotional fear as well as physiologic discomfort.
phobia
an illogical, intense, and persistent fear of specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning.
positive reframing
a cognitive-behavioral technique involving turning negative messages into positive ones
primary gain
the relief of anxiety achieved by performing the specific anxiety-driven behavior; the direct external benefits that being sick provides, such a relief of anxiety, conflict or distress.
psychosomatic
used to convey the connection between the mind (psyche) and the body (soma) in states of health and illness
secondary gain
the internal or personal benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family members, comfort measures, and being excused from usual responsibilities or tasks
severe anxiety
an increase level of anxiety when more primitive survival skills take over, defensive responses ensue, and cognitive skills decrease significantly; person will have trouble thinking and reasoning.
social phobia
anxiety provoked by certain social or performance situations ( social anxiety d/o)
somatization
the transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms; term used to describe the conversion of unexpressed emotions into physical symptoms
somatoform disorder
characterized as the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition without a demonstratable organic basis to account fully for them
specific phobia
an irrational fear of an object or a situation
stress
the wear and tear that life causes the body
systemic desensitization
behavorial technique used to help overcome irrational fears and anxiety associated with a phobia
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...