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The GI Tract: Oral Cavity

Terms in this set (58)

most common disease in veterinary medicine
dental dz
dental (prophylaxis) should include
rinsing, charting, probing, scaling, polishing, and radiographs with every patient every time
adult dog dental formula
2(I3/3, C1/1, PM4/4, M2/3)
(42 teeth)
adult dog deciduous teeth
28
2(I3/3, C1/1, PM3/3)
adult cat dental formula
2(I3/3, C1/1, PM3/2, M1/1)
(30 teeth)
adult cat deciduous teeth
26
2(I3/3, C1/1, PM3/2)
what type of teeth do carnivores have?
brachydont
what are carnassial teeth?
teeth involved with chewing in carnivores (shearing)
what holds the tooth in place?
periodontal ligament
inner surface of the tooth
lingual: most correct term for all teeth
palatial: can be used for maxillary teeth
outer surface of the tooth
vestibular: correct term for all teeth
labial: more rostral teeth
buccal: more caudal teeth
facial: incisors
coronal means
crown
apical is referring to
the area around the root of the tooth
a normal bite is
anisognthasim: the maxilla is wider than the mandible
symptoms of gingivitis/periodontal dz
halitosis, ptylaism (excessive drooling), oral pain/reluctant to eat, head shy, chattering, pawing, facial swelling
periodontium
supporting structures surrounding the tooth
-cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva
periodontitis
inflammation of the periodontium
gingivitis
inflammation of the gingiva from plaque accumulation
-anaerobic bacteria growing in sulcus often with inflammation of the periodontium
periodontal dz
bacterial inflammation of gingiva=periodontitis=tooth loss
-severe in small breed dogs
sulcus depth in dogs
>3mm
sulcus depth in cats
>1mm
if sulcus depth is deeper than what it should be it is a sign of
periodontal dz
periodontal dz stage 1
gingivitis, 0% alveolar bone loss
periodontal dz stage 2
early periodontitis, <25% loss of bone
periodontal dz stage 3
moderate periodontitis, calculus, infx, 25-50% loss of bone
periodontal dz stage 4
advanced periodontitis, infx, >50% loss of bone, tooth mobility
treatment for periodontal dz
brush teeth daily (plaque becomes calculus in 24 hours), routine dental cleanings, extractions
order of treatment for periodontal dz
scale, polish, radiograph, extract as needed
-post op care=abx such as clindamycin
why do we polish teeth?
to fill in the microgrooves in the teeth
why you can't use human toothpaste with animals
they can develop fluoride toxicity (5/10mg/kg is fatal dose)
-chronic exposure prevents or delays mineralization of bone in young animals
-in adult animals it will cause inappetence and unthrifty attitude
fractured tooth treatment options
-exodontics/extraction
-endodontics (requires a specialist)
-vital pulp therapy
-root canal
at what age is a deciduous teeth considered retained?
6 months
dental dz: retained deciduous teeth
-interfere with eruption of adult tooth, can trap food and hair that lead to dental dz
-may give base narrow occlusion
which teeth are most commonly retained?
canine
supernumerary teeth
extra adult teeth
dentigerous cyst
unerrupted permanent tooth builds cyst around it, as it enlarges the bone is destroyed around it due to pressure
(common in boxers)
feline dental dz: FORL (feline oral resorptive lesion)
aka: feline external odontoclastic resorptive lesion, neck lesion, progressive lesion
-the neck of the tooth is being destroyed without a known cause
-usually affects multiple teeth
stomatitis
-inflammation of soft tissue of the oral cavity
-immune cells found: lymphocytic plasmocytic
-immune mediated: inappropriate immune response stimulated by plaque formation
-most common in cats
stomatitis etiology
*viral: calici or herpes virus
bacterial: periodontal dz
uremia: renal failure
*autoimmune: pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid
treatment for stomatitis
extraction of all teeth, oral hygiene, abx, steroids, or immunosuppressive drugs
kissing lesions on buccal mucosa (lips)
aka: chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis
oral masses
common in dogs and cats
-often highly malignant, may be erosive or proliferative
types of benign oral masses
gingival hyperplasia, epulis
types of malignant oral masses
squamous cell carcinoma, oral melanoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma
most common malignant oral tumor in cats
squamous cell carcinoma
(predisposing factors: canned tuna, flea collars, living w/ a smoker)
most common malignant oral tumor in dogs
oral melanoma
treatment for oral masses
radical surgical excision (best), hemimandibulectomy, +/- radiation, chemo, pain management, end of life/quality of life discussion
salivary glands
provide lubrication for food
major glands: parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic
most common dz in salivary glands
salivary mucocele
salivary mucocele
seen with 2-4 year old GSD, mini poodle, cause is unknown
-sublingual and mandibular glands are usually involved
-slow growing, painless enlargement on ventrla neck
salivary mucocele on intermandibular or cranial cervical area is called
cervical mucocele
salivary mucocele on sublingual is called
ranula
sialadentitis
inflammation or abscess on salivary glands
(most common in adenocarcinoma)
oronasal fistula
communication between oral and nasal cavity resulting from a dz process
causes of oralnasal fistulas
severe maxillary periodontal dz, maxillary tooth extraction, cancer and trauma are less likely
clinical signs of an oralnasal fistula
chronic rhinitis, nasal discharge (mucopurulent or hemmorrhagic), aspiration pneumonia, symptoms are worse the more caudal the fistula
treatment for oronasal fistulas
surgery: gingival flap, sectioning of tooth, flushing of sulcus
abx: clindamycin
papilloma
caused by a virus
-usually clear without interference
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