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World history final review

Terms in this set (60)

Middle Ages
The era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500-1500 also called the medieval period
Franks
A Germanic people who settled in the Roman province of Gaul. And established a great empire during the middle ages
Monastery
A religious community of men(called monks) who have given up their possesions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
Carolingian Dynasty
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987
Charlemagne
also known as Charles the Great, united the germanic tribes of western europe and spread christianity; crowned holy roman emperor in 800 A.D.
Lord
In feudal europe, a person who controlled lab and could therefore grant estates to vassals
Fief
An estate granted by a lord to a vassal under the feudal system in medieval europe
Vassal
In feudal europe, a person who recieved a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
Knight
In medieval europe, an armored warrior who faught on horse back
Serf
A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
Manor
A lords estate in feuds europe
Tithe
A family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church
Chivalry
A code of behavior for knights in medieval europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
tournament
mock battle between groups of knights
Troubadour
A medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs of courtly love
Clergy
A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.
Sacrament
One of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people
Canon law
The body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church
Holy Roman Empire
An empire Established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now germany and Italy
lay investiture
the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles
Simony
The selling or buying other position in a Christian church
Gothic
Relating to a style of church architecture that developed in mid evil Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, Stainglass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires
Urban II
Issued A call for a crusade in order to recapture the holy land of Jerusalem
Crusade
One of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the holy land from the Muslims
Saladin
strong leader of the Muslims during the Crusades; retook Jerusalem in 1187
Richard the Lion-Hearted
King of England during the Third Crusade; led Christians in battle against saladin
Reconquista
The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492
Inquisition
A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy- especially the one active in spain during the 1400s
Three field system
A System of farming developing in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three field of equal size and each of these was excessively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left un planted
Guild
a medieval association of People working at the same occupation, which controlled its members wages and prices
Commercial Revolution
The expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies During the 16th and 17th centuries
Burgher
A medieval merchant class town dweller
Thomas Aquinas
A religious scholar who mixed Christian and Greek thought
scholastic
Scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European University
Common law
A unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal Judges that serves as the basis for law In many English-speaking countries today, including the United States
Manga Carta
Great charter a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in A.D. 1215
Parliament
Nobody of representatives that makes laws for a nation
Bubonic Plague
A deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid 14th-century killed about 1/3 of Europe's population
Renaissance
A period in european history, lasting from about 1300 tp 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far reaching changes in art, learing, and views of the world
city state
a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit
Humanism
Renaissance intellectual movement made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming emperor of France
Secular
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Patron
A person who supports artists, especially financially
Perspective
An artistic technique that creates the appearence of 3 dimensions on a flat surface
Leonardo da Vinci
painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist; painted one of the best known portraits in the world, the Mona Lisa
Vernacular
The everyday language of people in a region or country
Utopia
an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia- hence, an ideal place
William Shakespeare
regarded as the greatest playwright of all time; performed at the Globe Theater
Johann Gutenberg
developed the printing press around 1440
Indulgence
A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
Reformation
A 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of christian churches that rejected the popes authority
Lutheran
a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther
Protestant
a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
Anglican
relating to the Church of England
Predestination
The doctrine that god has decided all things beforehand and including which people will be eternaly saved
Calvinism
A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.
Theocracy
A government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure; a government controlled by religious leaders
Catholic reformation
16th century Movement in which they Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation
Jesuit
Member of the Society of Jesus, a roman catholic religious order founded by Ignatious of Loyola
Council of Trent
A meeting of roman catholic leaders, called by pope paul III to rule on doctrines critisized by the protestant reformers
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