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Final Review questions 1-170

Terms in this set (145)

Why do scientists call the period before about 3000 BC prehistory?
Because writing did not exist yet
Scholars think early people might have believed in life after death because?
Egyptian left things for the dead in their tombs
Why was the discovery of Ötzi the Iceman significant?
because his well-preserved body and belongings provided new information about paloelithic societies
How did the lives of people in early agricultual societies change?
People started to stay in the same place and more professions were introduced
What are the characterizations of civilizations?
job specialiation
Where did the first civilizations rise?
along fertile river valleys
What advances in agriculture were most important in the development of cities?
Irrigation
What led early civilizations to create calenders?
to know when to plant
Ancient civilizations waged war in order to?
Gain and protect land, religious reasons
How did ice ages affect worldwide migration patterns?
land bridges
What was an early development of Homo Sapiens?
...
the shift from hunting and gathering to farming is called the neolithic revolution because?
It created civilizations
Agriculture emerged when?
People started to stay in one place
Cultural diffusion may have affected an early civilization by?
Introducing new ideas
What development marked the transition from prehistory to the historical age
Writing
why did the Phoenicians turn to trade and the sea for their livlihood?
Farming was difficult and limited resources
what is Sumerian writing called
Cuneiform
The Chaldean empire came to and end because?
the Persians conquered babylon
why did the Egyptian pharaoh make the Hebrews slaves
their population was too large
Why did Darius I fight to restore order in the first year of his reign
...
What religion arose in parts of Persia during the reign of Cyrus
Zorastrianism
What early civilization was the most brutal in dealing with opposition and dissent?
Assyrians
One thing the Chaldean and Hittites had in common
Took parts of Sumerian culture
First king of Israel
Saul
A Jew who eats Kosher is following
Mosaic law
Why was Persia's royal road built
to send messages
Which Pharaoh restored worship of traditional egyptian gods?
Tut
Why did egyptians bury possessions with their dead
to prepare the afterlife
Where was Nubia
Along the Nile
Why did pharohs have absolute power?
believed to be gods
What changed when Akhenaten became Pharaoh
Monotheism
Who is the most remembered pharaoh because of political and artistic achievements
Ramses
What characterized the city state of Sparta
War
Who was the Greek god of war
Ares
Why was the battle of Salamis significant?
It trapped the Persian army without support
Greek historian that studied his sources and discarded unreliable ones
Thucydides
Greek murals and paintings often depicted what
Gods and people
"What is truth?"
Socrates
Why did Alexanders territory stop growing
His army wanted to return home
Why did the Emperor Darius attack the Greek mainland?
To Punish Athens
Why was Macedonia able to take control of Greece in the 340s
Cycle of war made Greece weak
Who replaced the last king of rome
2 consuls
Why was Julius Caesar murdered
He had too much power
Diocletian's Reforms
Split the empire in two
What caused the third Punic War
Rome's desire for revenge
Why did wealthy Romans dominate politics during Pax Romana
Politicians were not paid
Romans enjoyed entertainment at the
Colosseum
Paul of Tarsus help to attract non-Jews to Christianity by
removing jewish principles
Muhammad left Mecca because
it was no safe for him
A muslim who states "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God" has fulfilled the
first pillar of Islam
Who ended the Abbasid caliphate
Hulagu Khan/mongols
Beutifully styled writing that is a distinctive feature of islamic art is called
calligraphy
Islam spread to places such as West Africa and Southeast Asia because
Islam Merchants traded there
Some were unhappy with Umayyad rule becaue
ruled differently than Muslim ideals
There are few figures is Islamic art because Muslims believe that
it might tempt people to worship said images
Although the people of Constantinople referred to themselves as Romans they were mostly
greek
Europe became a feudal society because
They needed to defend from constant raids and invasions
The pope's influence in the middle ages resulted from
Most people were christian
What led to the split in the church in 1054
The emperor feared the Pope could take away his power
the feudal system had what effects on Europe
It weakened the power of the kings
The goal of the first crusade
to take Jerusalem from the Muslims
The Black death was
A disease that killed a large portion of Europe during the middle ages
How many organized crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291
9
Why was it difficult for journeymen to become masters
It was dangerous and you needed to find someone to teach you
Both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri wrote in
vernacular
European Universities helped create
a educated class in Europe
Epic poems differed from religious texts in that they were intended to be
entertaining
Another name for the plague
Black death
Who won the hundred years war
English
What best describes the importance of Italian city-states to the renaissance
Where it started
William Shakespeare's works are known for
drama
One outcome of the the council of Trent was
that it addressed corruption in the church
The church's scholastic education gave way to the subjects known as humanities and inspired the movement known as
Reformation
Who advanced the idea "the end justifies the means"
Machiavelli
Johannes Gutenberg's invention has been described as revolutionary because
it allowed ideas and new to spread much faster
Ulrich Zwingli founded a church in Switzerland that had which of these at its base
theocracy
Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the
Astrolabe
Ultimate goal of Early explorers was to
expand their territory and spread religion
Economy of new france was based on
Fur
Mercantilists are
people who made money by following certain rules of their country
Some Native Americans helped Cortés because
They thought he was a god
conquistador
a Spanish conqueror
Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because
It was cheap
How did the Renaissance contribute to the age of exploration
Created new instruments and trade goods
American colonists objected to the stamp act because
it was very expensive
During the boston tea party, the Sons of Liberty dumped tea to
protest taxes
Who proposed the geocentric theory
Ptolemy
Who published a book on the heliocentric theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who wrote that without government, peoples lives were "Solitary, poor, brutish, and short"
Thomas Hobbes
Why did delegates meet at a constitutional convention in 1787
to amend the articles of confederation
The bill of rights was added
to protect basic freedoms
What event caused the great fear
Bastille
Europeans outside France reacted to the exection of the king with
horror
What legislative bodies ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic
National convention
Why did napoleon sell the Louisiana territory
he gave up on his dream of having an american empire
Portugal refused to comply with the continental system because
it relied on trade with Britain
After napoleon exile, France became a
Monarchy
What caused the french revolution
Enlightenment ideas
Continental system restricted what
trade with Great britain
Which campain was a disaster for napolean
invasion of Russia
What were the factors the allowed Britain to industrialize first
large population, lots of resources
What initially delayed the growth of industry in Germany
lack of government
Mass production led to?
decrease in prices
The idea of separate spheres implied that?
one type of person was better than another
What enabled the united states to industrialize rapidly?
large population, access to resources
Britain's colonial empire fueled the development of industry in the country because?
It provided them cheap and easy access to materials and labor
A region in northwestern England became known as the "black country" because?
Factories were polluting the air
What led to the growth of the middle class
the need for managers and workers in industry
The mercantile system in Britain was replaced with?
Laissez-faire
Control of Constantinople was important to Russia because?
It provided access to the sea for trade
The Russian economy differed from the rest of Europe's because?
Its social system
Russian Marxists wanted to create what form of government in Russia?
socialist republic
The treaty of Nanjing did what?
Ended the first opium war and benefited Europe
What was the result of the Russo-Japanese was of 1904-1905?
Japanese victory
Who controlled the spice trade in Southeast Asia starting in the 1600s and 1700s
Dutch
The only Southeast Asian country that retained it's independance was
Siam
What emperor of Ethiopia modernized his army and defeated the Italians at the battle of Adwa?
Menelik II
What were the factors that allowed European nations to extend their control over Asia and Africa after 1800?
Political instabilities, weak empires
Why did Britain begin exporting opium to China?
to open up trade
Austria-Hungary opposed the formation of a "greater Serbia" because
It feared rebellion
Why did both sides in World War 1 turn to new weapons?
Neither side was gaining ground while both were taking heavy casualties
Many colonial people volunteered to fight for the Allied forces because?
They were promised freedom and new land
What was the Zimmerman note?
telegram sent to Mexico from Germany describing an attack on US from Mexico
The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the?
Triple Alliance
Which series of events led to WWI
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
In WWI, Britain, France, and Russia made up the?
Triple Entente
On which two fronts did Germany fight during WWI?
East and West
The Gallipoli Campaign was a battle for what?
Russia's access to sea ports
Women's participation in WWI consisted primarily of?
Working while the men were at war
Which best describes the conditions in Russia on the eve of WWI?
Low amount of food, most of the people were angry at leader
How did the Zimmerman note affect American Neutrality?
Brought US into the war
Allied treaties with the defeated Central powers accomplished?
Made Central powers take responsibility and pay
Why did the US enter WWI?
Lusitania and Zimmerman telegraph
Why was the Soviet Union unprepared for Hitler's attack in June 1941
The had signed a non-aggression pact
What event led to a decisive shift away from isolationism in the US
Pearl Harbor
Siege of Leningrad resulted in?
the starvation of Russian troops
What was the significance of the battle of coral sea?
Pushed back the relentless Japanese advance
The Soviets most likely responded the the Allied invasion of Western North Africa with
disappointment
The liberation of Paris by the Allies led Hitler to?
Order a counterattack
The D-Day invasion of Normandy was launched from
UK
Who were the Axis powers?
Germany, Italy, Japan
When Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941, he broke?
the non-aggression pact
who was treated most harshly by the US during WWII?
Japanese Americans
Hitler's Final solution included
extermination of the Jews
What two cities were atomic bombs dropped on?
Nagasaki and Hiromshima
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