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Biology Test -Four Scientists and Chromosome 2

Terms in this set (37)

Physical Anthropological Evidence- Australopithecus afarenesis (Lucy) is a human ancestor and not an ancestor to chimpanzees or gorillas. (State 1/3 Evidences)
The SHI with Lucy is more similar to humans rather than chimpanzees and gorillas.
Physical Anthropological Evidence- Australopithecus afarenesis (Lucy) is a human ancestor and not an ancestor to chimpanzees or gorillas. (State 2/3 Evidences)
Human brow ridges don't protrude from the skull, same with Lucy.
Physical Anthropological Evidence- Australopithecus afarenesis (Lucy) is a human ancestor and not an ancestor to chimpanzees or gorillas. (State 3/3 Evidences)
Human cranial ridges don't protrude from the skull, same with Lucy.
Physical Anthropological Evidence- Australopithecus afarenesis (Lucy) is a human ancestor and not an ancestor to chimpanzees or gorillas. (State how the evidence shows Lucy is our ancestor.)
The SHI, cranial and brow ridges all show that Lucy is most like humans because of how her features differ from chimpanzees and gorillas.
What's Lucy's scientific name?
Australopithecus afarenesis.
Evolutionary Biology Evidence - Anatomical structures support the Theory of Evolution. (Example 1/3)
Whales evolved from a land mammal - Sinonyx. Walnut shaped bone on the skulls of whales matches the skulls of the wolves.
Evolutionary Biology Evidence - Anatomical structures support the Theory of Evolution. (Example 2/3)
Vestigial structures - Leg bones in whales, muscles to move ears in humans, human canine teeth that are pointed.
Evolutionary Biology Evidence - Anatomical structures support the Theory of Evolution. (Example 3/3)
Homologous structures- Human arm, bat wing, and chicken wing.
Evolutionary Biology Evidence - Anatomical structures support the Theory of Evolution. (Reasoning to back up evidence)
These all show evolution. Whales sharing a common feature with land mammals, pointed canines on humans, etc. For example, whales swim, so why would they need leg bones? Because they evolved from the Sinonyx, into the Cinemax, then finally modern day whales.
Paleontologist Evidence - Organisms and/or the environment change over time. (Evidence 1/3)
Alfred Wegener was first to figure out Pangaea. It divided into 2 land masses, Gondwana and Laurasia. It took 100 million years for the continents to get the way they are today.
Paleontologist Evidence - Organisms and/or the environment change over time. (Evidence 2/3)
Horse ancestry; Hyracotherium, Merychippus, Equus. Hyracotherium had 4 toes, Merychippus had 3 toes, and Equus had 1, a hoove.
Paleontologist Evidence - Organisms and/or the environment change over time. (Evidence 3/3)
Pangaea's fossils- glyptodont fossils found on the east coast of South America compared to those found on the west coast of Africa.
Paleontologist Evidence - Organisms and/or the environment change over time. (Reasoning to back up the evidence.)
This evidence shows that earth and its organisms have evolved over time.
Developmental Biologist Evidence - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence 1/3)
Embryology- for all animals, fetuses look very similar to one another. Over time the fetuses differentiate though and the animal changes.
Developmental Biologist Evidence - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence 2/3)
DNA % Between Primates - Humans and Chimps 98%, Human and Gibbon 95&, Human and Monkey 93%.
Developmental Biologist Evidence - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence 3/3)
DNA Mutation - Mutations in the genetic coding changes the amino acid sequence. Types: insertion, deletion, substitution.
Developmental Biologist Evidence - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Reasoning)
These pieces of evidence show that organisms change over a period of time and adapt to their environments, mutations. This could be proven by embryology, DNA percentages with Primates, and DNA mutations within the amino acid sequences.
Chromosome #2 - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence: 1/3)
G banding of chromosome #2 in humans matches the one of a Chimp's.
Chromosome #2 - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence: 2/3)
Chromosome #2 is the only known chromosome to have two centromeres.
Chromosome #2 - Organisms change over time as a result to mutations to inheritable traits. (Evidence: 3/3)
Telomere coding region found at the proposed fusion point on human chromosome #2.
What are the two most distinct differences between the human and chimpanzee skulls?
The jaws, chimps have a stronger jaw that jets out of the skull. Also, brains and brain cases. We have a much larger brain/brain case than chimps.
What are the two most distinct differences between the human and gorilla skulls?
Teeth- Gorillas have much larger teeth, and more prongs on their molars.
Jaw- Humans have a smaller, weaker jaw due to the cranial ridge shrinking and brain size.
Human, Chimps and Gorillas. If you had to pick two that were more similar, which would you pick. Explain.
The chimpanzee and gorilla, because they both have prominent cranial ridges, jaws that jet out from their skulls, and nearly equal sized brain cases.
What are the Three Things for Evolution?
1. Long period of time. - 4.6 billion years.
2. Code storage and code change - DNA and mutations
3. Mechanism for change - natural selection
What is the relationship between complex patterns and common origins?
The patterns are unique, so you can use these patterns and match them to a common origin.
When looking at the evolution of horses, what is the oldest fossil?
Hyracotherium.
Evolutionary biologists believe that man evolved from a?
Common ancestor.
What evidence from the film proves that whale's ancestors were land animals?
The way they move.
Which mutation has the greatest potential to cause the biggest change in genetic material?
Frameshift mutation.
Which land animal did present day whales evolve from?
Sinonyx.
Pangaea was a large land mass that contained all the current continents. Scientists divide the landmass into two parts, what are their names?
Laurasia and Gondwanaland.
What is an example of a non-vestigial structure in humans? (What do we actually use today)
Opposable thumbs.
How did Alfred Wegener die and where is his body now?
He died from a heart attack and he was buried in the Arctic, during an expedition.
What kind of transportation did Wegener use to collect data?
A hot air balloon.
What is stratigraphy?
A type of geology that deals with the time zones of strata.
What is strata?
Sediment.
List the horse ancestors from newest to oldest.
Equus (newest), Merychippus, and Hyracotherium (oldest).
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