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Energy, Forces, and Motion Unit Test P5 Science

Terms in this set (39)

energy
the ability to do work or cause change
work
the transfer of energy, or a force exerted on an object that causes it to change
power
the rate at which work is done
2 basic types of energy:
kinetic and potential
kinetic energy
energy an object has due to its motion
what does KE depend on?
mass and velocity
KE increases as ________ increases, KE increases as ________ increases
mass, velocity
formula for KE:
KE=1/2 mass*velocity(2)
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
gravitational potential energy
energy related to an objects height
GPE increases as ________ and _______ increase
height, weight
formula for GPE:
GPE=weight*height
elastic potential energy
energy associated with objects that can be compressed or stretched
the greater the ________ and _________ of an object, the more KE there will be
mass, speed
energy is measured in:
joules (J)
mechanical energy
the total energy of motion, position, or shape of an object, can be all potential/kinetic, or some of each
formula for mechanical energy:
ME=PE+KE
thermal (heat) energy
energy related to the motion (KE) of particles in a substance that produce heat
the greater the ____________ in an object, the greater the thermal energy
amount of particles
electrical energy
related to the flow of electrons that carry a charge
chemical energy
PE stored in the chemical bonds between atoms and compounds
nuclear energy
PE stored in the nucleus of an atom-released during a nuclear reaction
electromagnetic (radiant) energy
energy created by vibrating particles that travel in waves, these waves can travel through space
sound energy
energy caused by an object's vibration that travels through waves
sound travels through:
liquids, gases, and solids
all forms of energy can be:
transformed into other forms of energy
energy transformation
a change from one form of energy to another
single transformation
ex: a toaster transforms electrical energy to thermal energy to toast bread
multipile transformations
ex: mechanical energy is used to strike a match which transforms chemical energy to thermal energy and light, a form of electromagnetic energy
the most common transformation:
between PE/KE
friction converts ______ energy to _____ energy
mechanical, electrical
newton's 1st law of motion
an object @ rest will stay @ rest, and object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion; is determined by mass
newton's second law of motion
a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force
newton's second law of motion formula:
force (N)=mass (kg)*acceleration (m/s/s/)
how is acceleration determined?
the size of the force and the mass of the object: larger mass means smaller acceleration and vice versa
newton's 3rd law of motion
for every action (or force), there is an equal and opposite reaction (or force)
speed formula:
s= distance/time
law of conservation of energy
states that energy isn't created or destroyed during a transformation
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