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38 questions Earth

Terms in this set (38)

What is the bending, tilting and breaking of earth's crust known as ?
Deformation .
Explain what happens to the lithosphere when it becomes heavier and when it becomes lighter .
When it becomes lighter it rises .
On what two opposing forces does the vertical movement of the lithosphere depend ?
- Gravity .
- Buoyancy .
When gravity and buoyancy are balanced what is the state of the lithosphere and asthenosphere ?
Isostasy .
What is the isostatic adjustment called when mountains become smaller ?
Uplift .
When sediments are deposited in the oceans by rivers, what is the isostatic adjustment called ? What is happening ?
Subsidence, the ocean floor is sinking .
Explain how glaciers influence isostacy .
They sink into the asthenosphere .
The amount of force that is exerted on each unit of area is known as what ?
Stress .
The type of stress that shortens and squeezes rock is what ?
Compressional .
How does compression usually change the shape of a rock ? Where does it normally happen ?
Squeezing the space out of it, making it more dense .
What is the type of stress that stretches and pulls rock apart ?
Tensional .
What usually happens to a rock when it is put under tensional stress ? Where does it normally happen ?
Becomes thinner .
What type of stress happens when rock slides past neighboring rock ?
Shear .
What type of boundary does shear stress by breaking the rock is what ?
A transform boundary .
What is a change in the shape or volume of a body of rock due to stress ?
Strain .
When the materials of a rock react to stress by breaking the rock is what ?
Brittle Deformation .
When the materials of a rock react to stress by bending or deforming without breaking the rock is what ?
Ductile .
What happens to a rock when it responds to stress in a ductile way ?
It bends of deforms, without breaking .
A bend in rock that results from stress is what ?
Hinge .
The sloping sides of a fold are what ? The bend in rock layers where limbs meet is known as what ?
Limbs .
An arch shaped fold in which the oldest rock layer is in the center of the fold is what ?
Anticline .
A bowl shaped fold in which the youngest rock layer is in the center of the fold is what ?
Synclines .
A fold in which both limbs are horizontal and the earth's crust moves up or down relative to another part is what ?
Monoclines .
A break in rock in which there is no movement of the surrounding rock is what ?
Fracture .
A break in rock in which the surrounding rock moves is what ? The surface along which the rock moves is what ?
- Fault .
- Fault Plane .
If a fault is nonvertical what is the rock that is above the fault plane called ? What is the rock that is below the fault plane called ?
- Hanging Wall .
- Footwall .
What is a fault in which the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall ?
Normal Fault .
What is a fault in which the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall ?
Reverse Fault .
What is a type of fault in which the rock on either side of the fault plane slides horizontally because of shear stress ?
Strike-slip Faults .
A group of mountains that are related to each other in shape and structure is called what ? A group of adjacent mountain ranges is called what ? The largest mountain systems are part of one or two larger systems called what ?
- Mountain Range .
- Mountain System .
- Mountain Belts .
How does a Continental - Oceanic collision produce mountains ?
Dense oceanic crust is subducted .
How does an Oceanic - Oceanic collision produce mountains ?
The denser of the two pieces of crust is subducted .
How do Continent - Continent collisions produce mountains ?
Tectonic movements squeeze rock together into accordion-like folds .
What type of mountains form when tectonic movements squeeze rock together into accordion-like folds ?
A folded mountain forms .
Large flat areas of rock high above sea level are what ?
Plateaus .
When the crust has been stretched and broken into large blocks in which some of the blocks tilt and drop, the higher blocks form what type of mountain ?
Fault-block Mountains .
A circular type of mountain where layers slope away from a central point because magma has pushed the layers upward is what ?
A dome mountain .
When lava erupts onto the earth's surface what type of mountain forms ?
A volcanic mountain .
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