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Liberti DNA Replication

Terms in this set (40)

G1 of the cell cycle
the cell cycle begins and the cell grows
S phase
DNA replication occurs in what part of the cell cycle?
S phase of the cell cycle
DNA Replication occurs
G2 of the cell cycle
cell prepares to divide
mitosis
division of nucleus of the cell (4 phases prophase, metaphse, anaphase, & telophase)
cell cycle
sequence of cell growth and division that occurs in a cell between the beginning of 1 cell
Interphase
DNA replication occurs in preperation for celldivision
cytokinesis
(after mitosis) cell's cytoplasm divides & 2 daughter cells form
mutation
a mistake in DNA replication when an exact copy of DNA was not made
checkpoints
are throughout the cell and use chemical signals to message whether to continue or stop the cell cycle due to a problem
DNA replication
the orderly process by which the DNA is copied
purine bases
Adenine and Guanine (All Girls are Pure)
pyrimidine bases
Thymine and Cytosine
DNA shape
A double stranded helix
bonds 2 nucleotides together
a hydrogen bond
bonds the phosphate group and sugar together
a phosphodiester bond
DNA
a molecule that stores genetic material
unzipping (1st) stage
Helicase "unzips" the DNA strand by breaking the hydrogen bonds, creating replication forks (the site where seperation and replication occur)
stabilization (2nd) stage
single stranded binding proteins (SSB) stablize and prevent the seperated DNA strands from rejoining
priming (3rd) stage
primase attach to exposed nitrogenous bases laying down short sections of RNA primer
elongation (4th) stage
nucleotides pairs to complementary bases (A=T, G=C) on exposed part of DNA, DNA polymerase binds w/ the backbones as new DNA strands grow
5' to 3'
In what direction do nucleotides bind?
new strands are elogated by leading and lagging strands
What allows the strands to become antiparallel?
sealing (5th) stage
DNA replacement complexes remove the RNA primers put down my primase. Ligase them binds the DNA segment to the rest of the strand
leading strand
5" to 3' TOWARD the replication fork, where complementary nucleotides attach to exposed bases growing the 3' end. DNA polymerase joins & the strand grows as helicase unwinds
lagging strand
primase lays down primer so DNA polymerase joins neucleotides AWAY from the replication fork (5' to 3') then as helicase wind the process starts over again. this creates small sections of new DNA called Okazaki fragments
semiconservation replication
the process of DNA replication that produces 1 original strand & 1 newly created strand
Helicase
unwinds the double helix (by breaking the hydrogen bonds)
replication fork
where helicase separates DNA
SSB proteins
binds to open DNA & keeps it as single strand (a spacer)
primase
makes a short RNA primer (temporary solution that tells DNA polymerase where to go, then leaves)
sliding clamp
holds the DNA polymerase to the present strand (a=t c=g)
DNA polymerase
brings in new DNA nucleotides by reading the pattern and makes leading strand
RNase H
removes the temporary primase primer
DNA ligase
links small section of DNA (like glue)
topoisomerase
releases tension in DNA (found in front of helicase)
Okazaki fragments
DNA pieces seperated by RNA primers in lagging strand
in a nucleus
Where does DNA replication happen?
in S phase of Interphase
When does DNA replication happen?
R of the cell cycle
the cell decides whether or not to continue (if there are any mutations)
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