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Bio Lab: Chemical Composition of Cells Review

Terms in this set (32)

All organisms consist of basic units of matter called ________
Atoms
Inorganic molecules are associated with nonliving things, and _________ are associated with living organisms.
biomolecules
In this laboratory, you will be studying the biomolecules of cells:
a.__________
b.__________
I. ___________
II. _________
III. ____________
c. ____________
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
I. monosaccharides
II. disaccharides
III. polysaccharides
c. lipids
Large biomolecules, sometimes called macromolecules, form during _______ reactions when smaller molecules bond as water is given off.
dehydration
During _________ reactions, bonds are broken as water is added.
hydrolysis
A fat contains one _____ and three ________ _______.
glycerol
fatty acids
Proteins and some carbohydrates (called polysaccharides) are _______ because they are made up of smaller molecules called subunits.
polymers
What is the positive control?
It goes through all the steps in the experiment and does contain the substances being tested.
What is the negative control?
It goes through all the steps in the experiment and does not contain the substances being tested.
What benefit is the positive control?
The positive control gives you a standard by which to tell if the substance being tested is present in an unknown sample.
What benefit is the negative control?
Negative control ensures that the experiment is giving reliable results.
Function of antibody?
Proteins that combine pathogens so that the pathogens are destroyed in the body.
Function of Transport proteins?
Combine with and move substances from place to place.
Function of hemoglobin?
Transports oxygen throughout the body.
Function of insulin?
regulates the glucose level in the blood
Function of enzymes?
proteins that speed up a chemical reaction.
Proteins are made up of ______ ______ joined together.
Amino acids
About ____ different common amino acids are found in cells.
20
All amino acid has an _____ group and _____ group. They differ by the ___ group attached to the carbon atom/
acidic
amino
R group
A chain of two or more amino acids is called a _____, and the bond between the amino acids is called a _____ _____.
peptide
peptide bond
A ________ is a very long chain of amino acids.
polypeptide
_______ include sugars and molecules that are chains of sugars.
Carbohydrates
Glucose, which has only one sugar unit, is a _________; maltose, which has two sugar units, is a ______.
Monosaccharide
disaccharide
List three polysaccharides.
1. starch
2. glucose
3. cellulose
Glucose is used by all organisms as an _______ source.
energy
____ are compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in solvents, such as alcohol and ether.
lipids
list four lipid molecuels.
1. steroids
2. cholesterol
3. wax
4. phospholipids
What is the difference between a fat molecule and a vegetable oil?
fatty acids in veg oil tend to have more double bonds between carbons than those in fat. Double bonds cause the veg oil to stay liquid.
Reagent and color for protein.
Biuret: Purple
Reagent and color for starch.
Iodine: blue-black
Reagent and color for simple sugars.
Benedict: range between green to red
Reagent and observation for lipids.
Brown paper towel: leaves oily spot
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