CH 6 FITNESS ASSESSMENT

Term
1 / 43
What are the components of a fitness assessment?
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (43)
What are the components of a fitness assessment?
A. Subjective Information
General and medical history
Occupation, lifestyle, medical and personal info
B. Objective Information
Physiologic assessments
body composition testing
cardiorespiratory assessment
static and dynamic postural assessments
performance assessment
What do fitness assessments provide a client and trainer?
*Provide an ongoing means of communication between client and trainer
*a means to continuously monitor and evalute a clients goals, needs and abilities
*Allows a client to see the progress and goals met
*observing and documenting a client's individual structural and functional status
What are the six things a trainer does not do?
1) Diagnose medical conditions
2) Prescribe any treatment
3) Prescribe diets
4) Provide treatment of any kind for injury or disease
5) Provide rehabilitation services for clients
6)Provide counseling services for clients
Trainers are not qualified to diagnose medial conditions. What can you do instead?
*Obtain exercise or health guidelines from a physician, physical therapist, or registered dietician.
*Follow national consensus guidelines of exercise prescription for medical disorders
*Screen clients for exercise limitations
*Identify potential risk factors for clients through screening procedures
*Refer clients who experience difficulty or pain or exhibit other symptoms to a qualified medical practitioner.
Trainers cannot prescribe treatment? What can you do instead?
*Design individualized, systematic, progressive exercise programs
*Refer clients to a qualified medical practitioner for medial exercise prescription
Trainers cannot prescribe diets. What can you do instead?
*Provide general info on healthy eating according to the food pyramid
*Refer clients to qualified or registerd dietician for specific diet plans.
What are some general areas to look at in general health history?
a) Occupation
b) Extended Periods of Sitting (tight hip flexors, poor posture and cardiorespiratory fitness)
c) Reptitive Body Movements (possible musculoskeletal injury and dysfunction)
d) Dress Shoes
e) Stress (Elevated blood pressure, musculoskeletal imbalance etc).
What are some questions to ask about lifestyle?
a) Recreation (outside of work)
b) Hobbies (Do not have to be phsycial in nature)
Medical History question to ask?
Provides info on known or suspected disease. Provides info on past and current health status
*Ask about past injuries
*Past Surgeries
*Chronic Health Conditions
*Medications
What are anti-depressants? What is the effect on heart rate and blood pressure?
*Used in the treatment of various psychiatric and emotional disorders
*Heart rate can go up or no effect
*Blood pressure no effect or down.
What is a vasodilator? What is the effect on heart rate and blood pressure?*Used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure *Heart rate can go up, no effect, down *Blood pressure can go downWhat is a bronchodilator?*Generally prescribed to correct or prevent bronchial smooth muscle constriction in individuals with asthma and other pulmonary disease *no effect on heart rate or blood pressureHow do you find radial pulse?*Lightly place two fingers along the right side of the arm in line with the thumb. Count pulse for 60 seconds. Record for 3 days *Touch should be gentle *Take when client is not working out *Take all 3 recordings at the same time each day for accuracy.How to record carotid pulse?*Place two fingers along the side of the neck just to the side of the larynx *Count pulse for 60 secs *Record average over 3 day period *Make sure touch is gentle *Take when client is calm *Take at the same time everyday for accuracyWhat is THR?*Target Heart Rate Zone *Three zones *Zone 1-Builds aerobic base and aids in recovery *Zone 2-Increases aerobic and anerobic endurance *Zone 3-Builds high end work capacityExplain straight percentage method (peak maximal heart rate)*Estimated maximal heart rate is age subtracted from the number 220. *Once the maximal HR is determine for client, multiply estimated heart rate by the appropriate intensity (65-95%) at which the client should work *Zone One MHR 0.65 MHRX 0.75 *Zone Two MHR x 0.76 MHR x 0.85 *Zone Three MHR x 0.86 MHR x 0.95What is HRR Method?*The heart rate reserve method *Also known as Karvonen method *Establishes training intensity on the basis of the difference between a client's predicted maximal heart rate and their resting heart rate. *What is BMI and how is it calculate?*BMI or body mass index *Works under the notion that weight and height should be proptional *A good BMI is 22-24.9% *Risk of disease starts at 25% or greater *Calculated as <18.5 =increased disease risk, underweight 18.6-21.99= disease risk low, acceptable 22.0-24.99= disease risk very low, acceptable 25.0-29.99= diseased risk increased, overweight 30.0-34.99= disease risk high, obese 35.0-39.99= disease risk very high, obesity II > 40= disease risk extremely high, obesity IIIBMI Formula1) weight (lbs)/ height inches squared x 703= BMI 2) Weight (kgs)/ heigh (m) squared= BMIWaist to hip ratio1) Measure the smallest part of the client's waist 2) Measure the largest part of client's hip 3) Divide the waist measurement by the hip measurement 4) A ratio greater than 0.80 for women and greater than 0.95 for men may put individuals at risk for disease *Important because there is a correlation between increased abdominal fat and chronic diseaseWhat is the first test you must give?Preparticipation Health Screening. Includes a medical history questionaire (PAR-Q) Rates as low, medium, or high risk Can decied from there whether to move on to physical fitness assessmentLow Risk Medium Risk High RiskLow risk=no signs or symptoms of cardio, pulmonary or metabolic disease and have <1 cardiovascular disease risk factor Medium risk=Do not have signs or symptoms of cardio, pulmonary or metabolic disease but have <2 cardiovascular disease risk factors. High risk=Individuals who have one or more signs or symptoms of cardio, pulmonary, or metabolic disease.List cardiovascular disease factors?*Smoking *dyslipidemia *impaired fasting glucose *obesity *sedentary lifestylePrevious ankle sprains can cause what problems in the future?*decrease neural control to gluteus maximum muscles *Can lead to poor control of lower extremeties during func activities *Can lead to future injuryPrevious knee injuries involving ligaments can cause what future issues?*Can lead to poor neural control in muscles that stabilize the patella *Can lead to future injuryOften a result of ankle or hip dysfunction (like an ankle sprain)Basic function of Beta-Blockers?*Generally used as antihypertensive (high BP) *Also used for arrhythmias (irregular heart rate) Heart rate and BP will dropBasic function of calcium-channel blockers. Effect of meds on heart rate and BP?*Generally prescribed for hypertension and angina *Heart rate will go up, down, or no effect *BP will go downBasic function of nitrates? Effect of meds on heart rate and BP?*Generally prescribed for hypertension *Congestive heart failure *heart rate will go up or have no effect *BP will go down or have no effectBasic function of diuretics? Effect of medication on heart rate and BP*Generally prescribed for hypertension *Congestive heart failure *Peripheral edema *No effect on heart rate *No effect on BP or will drop the BPWhat should be asked during a health history assessment?*Past Injuries *Chronic Conditions *Surgeries *MedicationsWhat is the typical resting heart rate?between 70 and 80 bpm.What are the two most common ways to calculate a client's target heart rate zone*maximal heart rate (straight percentage method) *Percentage of heart rate reserve (Karvonen method)What are some form of body composition assessment?*Skinfold measurement-uses caliper to estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat under skin *Bioelectrical impedance-portable instrument conducts electrical impulse to estimate body fat *Hydrostatic testingWhat does SKF stand for?Skinfold testing. It's an assessment that is an indirect measure of the thickness of adipose tissue on a client's body.What are some rules to follow in regard to skin fold measurements (SKF?)*Avoid performing SKFs on obese clients *Instruct client prior to test *Do not measure directly after exercise *Be meticulous when locating anatomic landmarks *Open jaw of caliper before removing from body site *Take at least two measurements at each site, each site measurement should be within 1-2mm average *Train with an individual skilled at SKF assessment and frequently compare results with yours.What formula is used with the SKFs?The Durnin-Womersley formula is used to calculate body fat percentage. Use caliper and measure at the: *Middle of the triceps *Middle of the biceps *Subscapular at 45 degree angle *illiac crestWhat assessments can be used to test those looking to improve athletic abilities?*performance assessments *Measure upper extremeity stabilitiy, lower extremeity agility, muscular endurance, overall strength *Push-up Test *Davies TestExplain push-up test and what it is used for?*A performance assessment that determines upper body muscular endurance. Mainly pushing muscles Procedure: 1) In push-up position (ankles, knees, shoulders and head in a straight line). Client lowers the body to touch a partner's closed fist placed under chest, 60 seconds or exhaustion with no overcompensation *Record touches *Client should perform more when reassessed.What is the Davies test and the procedure?*Measure upper extremity agility and stabilization. Not good for clients with bad shoulder stability. Procedure: *Place two pieces of tape on the floor, 36 inches apart *Client places hand on each piece of tape in push-up position *Client must quickly move his or her right hand to touch the left hand and vice versa for 15 secs *Repeat 3 times *Reassess in the future to measure improved number of touches *Record the number of lines touched by both hands.Shark Skill Test*Measures lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control *Progression from the single-leg squat Procedure: *Client stands in center box of a grid, hands on hips and standing on one leg *Have client hop to teach box in a designated pattern, always returning to the center box *Perform one practice with each foot *Perform the test twice with each foot (4 times total. Keep track of time. *Record time Add .10 secs for each of the following: Non-hopping leg touches ground hands come off hips foot goes in wrong square foot does not touch center squareUpper Extremity Strength Assessment:Bench Press*assessment to estimate the one-rep max on overall upper body strength of the pushing muscles *Can also determine training intensities of bench press *Advanced assessment (not for everyone) Procedure *Client on bench, lying on his or her back. Feet pointed straight ahead and low back in a neutral position *Warm up with light weight that can be performed 8-10 times easily *Take 1-min rest *Add 10-20 lbs (5-10%) of initial load and perform 3-5 reps *Take 2 min rest *Repeat until client achieves failure between 2-10 reps (3-5 reps for better accuracy) *Use the one-rep maximum estimation chart to calculate on rep maxLower Extremity Strength Assessment Squat*Estimates the one-rep squat max and overall lower body strength *Advanced assessment for strength specific goals Procedure: *Feet should be shoulder width apart, knees in line with toes. Neutral back *Client should warm up with light resistance that can be performed 8-10 times *1 min rest *Add 30-40 lbs (10-20% of initial load) and perform 3-5 reps *2 min rest *Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the client achieves failure between 2-10 reps (3-5 reps for greater accuracy *Use the one-rep max estimateion chart to calculate one rep max.What is static posture?*How an individual presents himself in stance *Provides the found or the platform from which extremeties function *Weak foundation leads to second problems in the system *Static postural assessment basis for identifying muscle imbalances.