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Disorders of the Nail Apparatus

Terms in this set (42)

Nail plate
Proximal nail fold
Nail matrix
Nail bed
Hyponychium
Components of nail
Nail components
Chronic paronychia
Chronic dermatitis of proximal nail fold and matrix
(adult women, food handlers, house cleaners)
Chronic paronychia etiology
1, 2, 3 digits of dominand hand affected
Proximal and lateral nail folds erythematous and swollen
Cuticles absent
P/E findings of paronychia
Onycholysis
Detachment of nail from bed that may create subungal space that collects keratin debris or dirt
Onycholysis
Primary (trauma)

Secondary (dermatitis, eczema, herpex, onychomycosis, psoriasis, tumors)
Causes of onycholysis
P. aeruginosa
Cause of brown or green discoloration of nail bed
Doxycycline
Cause of photoonycholysis
Green nail syndrome
(P. aeruginosa)
Thickening of entire nail plate, seen in elderly
Onychauxis
Onychauxis
Onychauxis with ram's horn like deformity
Most common great toe
Onychogryphosis
Pressure from foowear
Can be AD inherited

Keratin produced by matrix at uneven rates, with faster growing site determing direction of deformity
Cause of onychauxis and onychogryphosis
Onychogryphosis
Habit-tic deformity
(Chronic mechanical injury where cuticle is pushed back)
S. aureus secondary infection
Common secondary infection of repeat picking of paronychia associated with OCD and LSC
Trachonychia
(Rough nails)
Can be see with psoriasis
Punctate leukonychia (pathognomonic)
Nail pitting
Oil staining
Trachyonychia
Distal onycholysis
Nail findings of psoriasis
Elkonyxis
Medical word for nail pitting
Loss of all nails without any evidence of lichen planus elsewhere
20-nail syndrome
Twenty-nail syndrome
Onychorrhexis (not specific)
Swelling with blue/red discoloration at proximal nail folds
Nail findings of LP
Geometric pitting
Hammered brass appearance
Mottled erythema of lunulae
Trachonchia
Nail findings of alopecia areata
Nail alopecia areata
Darier disease

(Red and white longitudinal streaks) (pathognomonic)

Distal subungal hyperkeratotic papules with distal wedge shaped fissuring
Discoloration
Ohychoschizia (splitting or lamination of nail in the horizontal plane)
Nail findings of chemical irritants
Fibroma
Fibrokeratoma
Subungal exostosis
Myxoid cyst
Glomus tumor
Onychomatricoma
Nail matrix nevi
Benign tumors of nail
Melanoma
Merkel cell tumor
SCC
Malignant tumors of nail
Pseudocyst or ganglion at DIP a/w Heberden nodes of OA

Can compress matrix leading to longitudinal depressed groove of nail plate
Myxoid cyst of digits
Longitudinal melanonychia

Increased melanin at matrix
Acralentiginous melanoma
Hutchinson sign

Periungal extension of pigmention onto proximal and laternal nail folds
P/E finding of ALM
HSV 16 and 18
Typical cause of SCCIS periungally
Felon

Infection of space of distal finger
Candida spp.
Most common organism that causes infection of "space" in chronic paronychia
Dermatophytes
Cause of onychomycosis
Candida onychia (a/w immunocompromised)
Beau lines

Sudden acute illness (fever, drugs, viral infection)
Total: inherited

Subtotal: distal nail pink

Transverse

Punctate: psoriasis or trauma

Longitudinal: Darier disease

Terry type: hepatic disorder
Types of leukonychia
Terry type leukonychia
Lymphedema
Respiratory tract disease
RA
Malignancy
Yellow nail syndrome
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