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GI Drugs Side Effects

Terms in this set (47)

antacids
aluminum hydroxide (alone) and calcium carbonate can cause constipation, magnesium hydroxide (alone) can cause diarrhea
PPIs
hip fractures (elderly) - effect on calcium absorption, chronic renal disease
misoprostol
arrhythmias, BP changes
metoclopramide
tardive dyskinesia (irreversibly dose-dependent)
-CNS: drowsiness, extrapyramidal effects, hallucinations, seizures
osmotic laxatives
dehydration (don't use chronically)
bisacodyl
abdominal cramping due electrolyte and fluid depletion (vomiting and diarrhea)
laxatives
(due to long term use) electrolyte imbalances (losing ions), dependence, "cathartic colon"
ondansetron
HA, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness
prochlorperazine
nausea, HA, blurred vision
-serious: parkinsonism, prolonged QT, sudden death
dronabinol
dizziness, seizures, euphoria, nausea, hallucinations
dimenhydrinate, promethazine
drowsiness
scopolamine
drowsiness, constipation
simethicone
diarrhea, nausea
sulfasalazine
(idiosyncratic) rash, fever, bone marrow suppression
-rare: bone marrow suppression, pancreatitis, hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, CT disease, nephrotoxicity
sulfasalazine
(dose related) N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, HA, arthralgia
2nd generation mesalamines
HA, dyspepsia, skin rash
-rare: nephrotoxicity
azathioprine
low metabolism increases toxicity, rapid metabolism decreases effectiveness
methotrexate
hepatic fibrosis (higher risk with renal insufficiency)
ustekinumab
vomiting, asthemia, acne, pruritus
IV - nausea
subQ - infection, injection site erythema
infliximab
demyelination and worsening HF, allergies, HBV or TB reactivation, psoriasis, skin cancer, lupus-like syndrome
tegaserod
increased risk of CV related death
lubiprostone
nausea, dyspnea
linaclotide
diarrhea
alosetron
GI toxicity (constipation, ischemic colitis)
rifaximin
bacterial resistance with long term use (>14d), 25% recurrence
probiotics
relatively safe
furosemide
hypokalemia
spironolactone
hyperkalemia, gynecomastia
neomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
metronidazole
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
octreotide
GI (N/V, diarrhea, abdominal pain), blood glucose changes (usually hypoglycemia)
pancreatic enzyme supplementation
vomiting, mouth irritation, porcine allergy (rash)
-high doses: hyperuricemia/uria (caution in gout or renal impairment), fibrosing colonpathy (rare)
adefovir
nephrotoxicity
tenofovir
fanconi syndrome (acute renal failure and decreased phophate) - nephrotoxicity, osteomalacia
entecavir
nephrotoxicity
ribavirin
nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, rash, nausea, taste changes, diarrhea, teratogenic
paritaprevir
hepatic decompensation and failure in cirrhotic patients
daclatasvir
fatigue, HA, nausea
ledipasvir
HA, fatigue, weakness
ombitasvir
hepatic decompensation and failure in cirrhotic patients
dasabuvir
hepatic decompensation and failure in cirrhotic patients
sofosbuvir
HA, fatigue
amoxicillin
N/V, diarrhea, stomach pain, HA, rash
clarithromycin
GI upset, bad taste, HA, rash
dicyclomine
urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes, somnolence
hyoscyamine
urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes
nadolol
lightheadedness, fatigue, SOB
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