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Chapter 21 (Mastering Questions)

Terms in this set (75)

Which of the following is not a chemical barrier that helps prevent infections?

A. Urine
B. Mucus
C. Tears
D. The pH of the blood
D. The pH of the blood
Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens?

A. Antimicrobial proteins
B. Inflammation
C. Complement
D. Intact skin and mucous membranes
D. Intact skin and mucous membranes
With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis?

A. Mucin
B. Opsonins
C. Histamine
D. Defensins
B. Opsonins
What type of immune system cell performs the most phagocytosis in the body?

A. B lymphocytes
B. Natural killer, or NK, cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Machrophages
D. Macrophages
Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is/are released by mast cells?

A. Complement
B. Prostaglandins
C. Kinins
D. Histamine
D. Histamine
Which of the following is not one of the effects produced by the release of inflammatory chemicals?

A. Vasoconstriction
B. Attraction of neutrophils
C. Increased access of clotting chemicals
D. Redness
A. Vasoconstriction
When do neutrophils enter the blood from the red bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors?

A. During chemotaxis
B. During margination
C. During leukocytosis
D. During diapedesis
C. During leukocytosis
What characterizes the chemotaxis phase of phagocyte mobilization?

A. Neutrophils actively ingest bacteria
B. Neutrophils flatten to squeeze between the endothelial cells of the capillary walls
C. Neutrophils cling to the inner walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules
D. Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury
D. Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury
What characterizes the diapedesis phase of phagocyte mobilization?

A. Chemotaxis
B. Margination
C. Leukocytosis
D. Neutrophils flatten to squeeze between the endothelial cells of the capillary walls
D. Neutrophils flatten to squeeze between the endothelial cells of the capillary walls
What protein can be released by infected cells to help protect cells that have not yet been infected?

A. Complement
B. Pyrogens
C. Interferon
D. Opsonins
C. Interferon
(T/F) Discharge is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
False
Which type of chemical induces fever?

A. Complement
B. Interferon
C. Antibodies
D. Pyrogens
D. Pyrogens
Which of the following is an effect on complement activation?

A. Tissue repair
B. T cell activation
C. Opsonization
D. Fever
C. Opsonization
Which cells secrete histamines that trigger inflammatory pathways?

A. Macrophages
B. NK cells
C. Mast cells
D. Neutrophils
C. Mast cells
When the white blood cell count is depressed, the classic signs of infection such as redness, local heat, and swelling are not manifested. In this case, should the nurse avoid administering aspirin?

A. No, aspirin can be used because the infection is still occurring even if the signs are not showing
B. No, aspirin can still be used to treat the pain
C. Yes, aspirin should be avoided because aspirin would disguise a fever that would indicate infection
D. Yes, aspirin should be avoided because it would prevent the remaining white blood cells from responding to the infection
C. Yes, aspirin should be avoided because aspirin would disguise a fever that would indicate infection
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