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safety chapter 12

Terms in this set (30)

what does a holistic approach to patient care mean
looking at the person as a whole not by their exam or disease
nonverbal communication is what percent of communication
90%
what is the moment of truth
the first interaction between patient and radiographer
keep instructions __
simple
Gonad shielding is applied in or within approximately __ cm of a ____ ___ beam
5 cm
properly collimated beam
What is the purpose of gonad shielding and what is it secondary to?
to reduce exposure to the reproductive organs

Secondary measure to proper collimation
How much more radiation does a female receive than males
3 times
if shielding is done correctly by a 1 mm lead flat contact shield, the exposure should be reduced from a female by ___%

How much will it be reduced for males?
50%
90-95%
where should the male be shielded in a supine position
below the symphysis pubis
where should the female be shielded in a supine position
approximately 2.5cm (1 inch [2 fingers]) medial to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Clear lead shields
used for scoliosis exams
contact shields
utilized for AP and PA projections
shadow shields
Eliminates the need for palpation for placement.
****Not suitable for use in fluoroscopy because no localizing light exists and the field of view is usually moved about during a study.
shaped shields
look like athletic cups- used on male pt's
whose responsibility is it to come up with a technique chart?
the hospitals radiology department
The use of ___ kVp and ___ mAs possible is good technique
Highest kVp
lowest mAs
The more absorbed dose the ____ chance of biological effects
higher
the acceptable repeat rate needs to be between what as a department?
7-9%
Air gap technique
Done when not using a grid
To reduce scatter - increase to the object to image receptor distance to create a gap that would absorb most of the scatter
3 exams that have been eliminated due to unnecessary exposure
-Every patient gets a CXR on admission
-Employee has to have CXR for employment
-Lumbar spine x-ray for pre-employment physical
how is the entrance skin exposure measured (ESE)

is it easy to determine?
Using a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLDs) to measure skin directly

Yes
what does the ESE (entrance skin exposure) include
skin and glandular
why is the TLD most often used?

what is it made out of
because it responds similar to human tissues when exposed to ionizing radiation

made out of lithium fluoride sensing material
Fluoroscopy measures radiation exposure rate at ____ TIMES ____
Table top times time of fluoro
Gonadal dose
dose to the reproductive organs
Genetically Significant Dose (GSD)
used to assess the impact of the gonadal dose.

Equivalent to the EqD to the reproductive organs that, if received by every human, would be expected to bring about an identical gross genetic injury (genetic response) to the total population, as does the sum of the actual doses received by exposed individual members of the population.
Estimated GSD for U.S. population
0.20 mSv
Bone Marrow Dose - dose cannot be measured accurately by a ... meaning it can only be ...
by a direct method; only estimated
what is Fluoroscopy Guided Positioning (FGP)

Does the ASRT condone it?

Why/why not?
The practice of using fluoroscopy to determine the exact location of the central ray before taking a radiographic exposure

NO

because fluoro has a high dose rate so it is not ethical
what are pediatric pt's vulnerable to?
to LATE somatic effects- because they will live longer which increases their chance to cancer from radiation
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