Generalized peritonitis causes exquisite tenderness through where?Abdomen with boardlike muscular rigidityWhat 4 disorders are local causes of peritoneal inflammation1. Acute cholecystitis
2. Acute appendicitis
3. Acute pancreatitis
4. Acute diverticulitisWhat 2 symptoms are usually present on peritoneal inflammation but does not have to be present to be diagnosedMuscular rigidity and rebound tendernessSigns are maximal in the right upper quadrant. Check for Murphy's sign. What condition?Acute cholecystitisPain in the right lower quadrant just below the middle of a line joining the umbilicus and the ASIS (McBurney's point) and right rectal tenderness. What condition?Acute appendicitisEpigastric tenderness and rebound tenderness are usually present, but the abdominal wall may be soft. What condition?Acute pancreatitisMost often involves the sigmoid colon and resembles a left sided appendicitis. What condition?Acute diverticulitisA palpable liver does not necessarily indicative _______ but more often results from a change in consistency - from the normal softness to an abnormal firmness or hardness as in cirrhosis.HepatomegalyClinical estimates of liver size should be based on what 2 things although even these techniques are far from perfect?Percussion and tendernessWhat condition is common in downward displacement of the liver due to a low diaphragm?COPDThe liver edge may be palpable well below the costal margin percussion reveals a low upper edge with a normal vertical span of the liver. What condition?Downward displacement of the liver by a low diaphragm________ may produce an enlarged liver with firm, nontender edgeCirrhosisThe cirrhosis liver may be ____ and _____Scarred and contractedWhat other 3 condition produce a large liver with a firm, non tender edge1. Hemochromatosis
2. Amyloidosis
3. LymphomaWhat 3 conditions present with an enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge, suggestive of inflammation1. Hepatitis
2. Venous congestion
3. Right sided heart failureIn some people, especially those with a lanky build, the liver tends to be elongated so that its _______ lobe is easily palpable as it projects downward towards the iliac crest. What is another name for this?Right- Riedle's lobeRiedle's lobe represents a variation in shape, but not a change in what?Liver size or volumeAn enlarged liver that is firm or hard and has an irregular edge or surface suggests what condition? There may be one or more nodules with or without tendernessHepatocellular carcinomaWhat vertebral levels do the kidneys span?T11-L3Which kidney is lower by 12mmThe right due to the liverWhat are symptoms are urinary tract disordersFever, weight change, fatigue
Dysruria
Back, flank, abdominal, suprapubic, or genital pain
Urgency
Change in micturition
Nocturnia
Abnormal discharge
Hematuria
Change in urine colorBurning or pain with urinationDysuriaWhat infections present with dysuriaCystitis
Urethritis
STDs
Acute prostatitis
Pelvic inflammatory disorderWhat type of obstructions present with dysuriaStrictures, stones, hypertrophy, tumorsWhat neurogenic condition presents with dysuriaPainful straining (tenesmus)What symptoms are noted with a bladder irritation in womenUrgency and frequencyDysuria *without* frequency and urgency in men suggests with conditionUrethritisWhere is burning felt in urethritis in men? Women?Proximal to the glans penis
Internal burning more often noted as pressure than painWhat is pneumaturia?Bubbles of gasWhat is fecaluriaMix of feces and urine that is passes from the urethraWhat is pyuriaPus or white blood cells in the urineWhat 2 conditions present with pneumaturia?Fistula and UTIWhat 3 conditions present with pyuriaBacterial infections, neoplasia, kidney stonesPain in what location indicates an issue with the bladderSuprapubic painWhat is kidney pain produced byDistention of the renal capsuleWhere can kidney pain radiate to?Anteriorly towards the umbilicus_______ pain is usually severe and colickyUreteral painWhere does ureteral pain begin?At the costovertebral angleWhere does ureteral pain radiate to?Around the trunk into the lower abdomen or quadrant, sometimes into the upper thigh, groin, and testicle or labiumUreteral pain results from sudden distention of the _____ and associated distention of the _____ ____Ureter and renal pelvisThis is often associated with fever, chills, or hematuria that is often experienced with kidney stones or blood clotsUreteral painWhat type of hematuria is visible to the naked eye?Gross hematuriaCauses of hematuria in males younger than 20Congenital urinary tract anomaly
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute urinary tract infectionCauses of hematuria in males ages 20-40Acute urinary tract infection
Kidney stone
Bladder tumorCauses of hematuria in males ages 40-60Bladder tumor
Kidney stone
Acute urinary tract infectionCauses of hematuria in males older than 60Prostatic disorder
Bladder tumor
Acute urinary tract infectionCauses of hematuria in women ages 40-60Acute urinary tract infection
Kidney stone
Bladder tumorCauses of hematuria in women older than 60Bladder tumor
Acute urinary tract infectionWhich is not a risk factor for GI disorders? Breast cancer, alcohol, smoking, obesityAll are risk factorsA patient present with right lower quadrant pain, which of the following could be the cause? Appendix, ovary, Fallopian tube, PIDAll of the aboveA patient presents with right scapular pain, which condition is this consistent with?CholecystitisPain with flexion of the left thigh?DiverticulitisPatient presents with a gnawing/burning type of pain, what does this most likely indicate?Peptic ulcerPatient has pain that began in the umbilical region and it has radiated the right lower quadrant. What does this indicate?AppendicitisPatient presents with obstipation, what is this usually seen with?Intestinal obstructionWhich of the following is an emergent sign regarding abdominal painBoard like rigidityWhat is projectile vomiting indicative of?Increased intracranial pressurePatient presents with yellow to gray, mushy, greasy, and foul-smelling diarrhea that floats. What condition?Malabsorption syndromeDiarrhea accompanied by an infections has what hallmark symptomFeverPatient present with intermittent pain for 12 weeks of preceding 12 months relieved by deificationIrritable bowel syndromePatient has problems swallowing solids and liquids and things often get stuckNeuromotor dysphagiaWhat is transmitted by the fecal oral routeHepatitis APatient present with ecchymoses on the left flank, what does this indicateIntra-abdominal hemorrhageWhat can cause indigestion? Exercise right after eating, alcohol, side, citrus fruitAll of the abovePatient presents with acute abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea a few hours after eating. What is the cause of their S/SFood poisoningPatient points to mid sternum and then up vertically to epigastrium to show you where their pain is. What condition commonly causes this type of painDuodenal ulcerWhat would be seen in someone presenting with obstructive jaundiceCola colored urine and pale poopWhich type of pain can be gnawing or burning, difficult to localize, and if severe can causes nausea, vomiting, and sweatingVisceral painPatient states that is hurts when they cough, their abdomen is sensitive to touch and it causes pain when it is touched and then something about the abdominal wall?PeritonitisWhich is the least severe upper GI symptom? Hematemesis, hemoptysis, melena, hematocheziaMelenaWhich is not true of umbilical herniasUse ACE bandage to keep it stabilizedWhich hernia descends into the genitals?Indirect inguinal herniaIn which type of hernia can the contents not be replaced and requires monitoring?Incarcerated/irreducibleWhich type of hernia is transient and will resolve on its own? Rolling, sliding or mixedSlidingMain S/SP; fluid retaining states and edema?NocturniaA young male following an URTI would most likely haveAcute glomerulonephritisAchy costovertebral angle with fever and chills indicates what?PyelonephritisSuprapubic pain and urgency?Bladder distentionHesitancy starting in urinary stream, reduced size and force of stream and dribbling at the end of urination. What condition can be ruled out?Acute prostatitisA postmenopausal woman has trouble with driping/leaking when she laughs or coughs. What does this indicate?Stress incontinencePain at the end of urination points to what as the source of pain?BladderDysuria, without frequency and urgency in men?UrethritisA patient presents with polyuria, what is an appropriate history questionAmount/volume produced with each urination
