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July 2 + 6: Metabolism is huge and complicated!

Terms in this set (30)

Glycolysis produce how much energy and how much energy does oxidation produce?
-146 kJ/mol and -2,840 KJ/mol
What is cellular respiration (give the 5 characteristics)
1) Uses O2 and produces CO2 2) more energy than glycolysis 3) developed billions of years ago use dby plants and other things 4) ACA, ACO, ETC, and OP 5) uses lipids and muscle
What are the three steps of respiration? And generally where do they occur
Step 1 is production of acetyl-coa via pyruvate through pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which generates some NADH and FADH2 and ATP

Pryuvate is via glycolysis in the cytoplasm

Step 2 is Acetyle COA oxidation in the citric acid cycle which generation many NADH and FADH2 as well as one GTP

This is in the matrix

Step 3 is oxidative phosphorylation in which nadh and fadh carries the electron to produce atp

this is in the innermembrane of the mitochondria
How many mitochondria do RBC have and how many do Liver Cells have?
RBC have around 0 and LC have about 2000
Describe the mitochondria (the cristae, inner outter, how eynzymes go to mitochondria, and the matrix)
The mitochondria consists of inner outter membrane in folds called cristae to increase surface area and the enzymes travel to the mitochondria through the cytoplasm. the matrix is the fluid inside the mitochondria
Draw the diagram of the conversaion of pryuvate to acetyl coa
make sure to remember the prosthetic groups TPP, Lipolyllysine and FAD
What is the function of CoA?
The purpose is to accept and carry acetyl groups
What is relevant of the structure of the prosthetic group TPP thiamine pyrophosphate?
It is relevant due to its acidic form due to the zwitterion stabilization thus can act as a nucleophile.
What is the characteristic of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and what is good about it? (4 different descriptions)
PDC is a large multi enzyme complex which is great because of its ability to have shorter distances between catalytic sites called channeling which helps side reactions from occuring. also one site that is regulated regulates all the sites.
Give me the sequence of events in the oxidative decarboxylation of pryuvate with the name of the three enzymes. (5 steps total LONG memorization)
Pryuvate dehydrongease E1:
Step 1: decarboxylation of pryuvate to an aldehyde
Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase E2:
Step 3: Formation of acetyl-CoA

Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, E3:
Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipadmide cofactor
Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor
Redraw the diagram for the citric acid cycle and also label the total equation --> (LONG but worth it lil boy)
Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi +2 H2O --> 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 +GTP + CoA + 3H+
Step 1: Describe the C-C bond formation by condensation of acetyl-coa and oxaloacetate, also characterize the overall findings
Acetyl-COA + Oxaloacetate come together with citrate synthase to form citrate

the characteristics are that it is dependent on the oxaloacetate and is a rate limiting step of the CAC, also highly therymodynamic as well as regulated through amount of subtrates (product inhibition). C-C bond formation
Memorize mechanism of citrate synthase
long but just do it
Step 2: isomerization of dehydation/rehydration
OH group of citrate reposition to isocitrate because the tertiary initially is a bad leaving group but the seoncdary alcohol is a good leaving group. this step is thermodynamically unfavorable so concentration is kept low to keep moving foward!
step 3: oxidative decarboxylation
the oh group is oxidizez and therefore also decarboxylated by forming a stable carbonanion

highly therymodynamic and generates nadh. produces alpha ketoglutarate
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