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URPN 201 Exam 2 Review

Terms in this set (63)

Who wrote Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns?
Olmsted
Who wrote The Town-County Magnet?
Howard
Who wrote A Contemporary City?
Le Corbusier
Who wrote Broadacre City: A New Community Plan?
Wright
Who wrote The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor?
Duany and Planter-Zyberk
Who wrote Designing the Region?
Calthrope and Fulton
Who wrote Towards an Urban Design Manifesto?
Jacobs and Appleyard
Who wrote Planning Sustainable and Livable Cities?
Wheeler and Beatley
Who wrote Towards Sustainable Development
WECD
What year was Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns published?
1870
What year was The Town-County Magnet published?
1898
What year was A Contemporary City published?
1925
What year was Broadacre City: A New Community Plan published?
1932
What year was The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor published?
2000
What year was Designing The Region published?
2001
What year was Towards an Urban Design Manifesto published?
1987
What year was Planning Sustainable and Livable Cities published?
2003
What year was Towards Sustainable Development published?
1987
What is Olmsted's profession?
Landscape Architect
What is Howard's profession?
City Planner
What is Le Corbusier's profession?
Architect
What is Wright's profession?
Architect
What is Duany and Plater-Zyberk's profession?
Architect
What is Calthorpe and Fulton's profession?
Regional City Planners
What is Jacob and Appleyard's profession?
Urban Planners
What is Wheeler & Beatley's profession?
Urban Planners
What is WECD's profession?
Politician
Where is Olmsted from?
United States
Where is Howard from?
London, Uk
Where is Le Corbusier from?
France
Where is Wright from?
United States
Where is Duany and Plater-Zyberk from?
United States
Where is Calthorpe and Fulton from?
United States
Where is Jacobs and Appleyard from?
United States
Where are Wheeler & Beatley from?
United States
Where is WCED from?
United Nations
What are the solutions to social ills based on Olmsted's reading?
1) More trees/green places
2) Public spaces
3) Division of spaces
What are the solutions to social ills based on Howard's reading?
1) Make cities less crowded than London

2) He wanted to restore people to the land

3) The financial linchpin of the plan in the fact that all of the land is purchased up front, so that the increase in property values generated by growth will be captured by the community itself.

4) Howard makes it clear that he is not a socialist and he does not see centralized government playing an initial role
What are the solutions to social ills based on Le Corbusier's reading?
1) Decrease congestion within the city by revolutionizing roadways.

2) Increased parks and open spaces.

3) Increased means of transportation & the improvement of citizens' experience.
What are the solutions to social ills based on Wright's reading?
1) Wright aimed to make sure essential elements like light, air, space, and silence.

2) Multi- lane highways reduced traffic

3) Each family had 1 acre of land & schools were short buildings located in the middle of the city.
What are the solutions to social ills based on Duany and Plater-Zyberk's reading?
1) New Urbanization has created a separation and connection between dwellings and workplaces.

2) It offers an alternative future for the building and rebuilding of regions.
What are the solutions to social ills based on Calthorpe and Fultons's reading?
1) Social Implications: certain actions that impact a group or an individual based on actions and economic conditions.

2) Transportation- to increase the economy and reduce the number of cars being used, make the city a lot more efficient transportation wise

3) Architecural Conservation- to planoptimal materials to make a structure last as long as possible for cultural reasons and to bring significant aspects to the city

4) Pedestrian Safety: More people would be safe and to decline emissions and make the city safer for citizens
What are the solutions to social ills based on Jacobs and Appleyard's reading?
1) Livable streets and neighborhoods

2) Minimal density of residential development

3) Having many activities such as shopping and working

4) Manmade environment particularly building that define a public

5) Many separate buildings with complex arrangements.
What are the solutions to social ills based on Wheeler & Beatley's reading?
1) Planning Sustainable Cities

2) Greening the environment

3) Moving away from cars

4) Renewable closed loop cities

5) Building pedestrian cities
What are the solutions to the social ills based on WCED's reading?
"Sustainable development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending to all the opportunity to satisfy their aspirations for a better life."

Therefore by widespread acceptance and action, such inequalities as wealth and resource distribution can be minimized.
What are the pros to Olmsted's reading?
1) More parks

2) More trees

3) Promote better attitudes for citizens
What are the pros to Howard's reading?
1) He intends for the land to be used in a way where you can travel through a town but also enjoy the beauties of mother nature.

2) New town would have Low.... Rents, rates, & prices for the city and rural areas

3) He imagined factories and warehouses being located on the outskirts of his "Town- Country" city in order for the city to have more healthier surroundings; clean air
What are the pros to Le Corbusier's reading?
1) Maintained a uniform and functional design.

2) Provides ease of access for workers to their jobs as well as patrons to businesses.

3) The "lungs" of the city would provide fresh air instead of stale, polluted air we see in many cities around the world.

4) Promises to lower costs of building houses and skyscrapers.

5) Improves the quality of life within cities.

6) Seeks to revolutionize transportation in and around cities to make commuting easier and more efficient.

7) Includes a merit system in which workers earn what they deserve, thereby encouraging hard work and productivity.
What are the pros to Wright's reading?
1) Reduce Traffic

2) Abandoned crowded and Unhealthy conditions
What are the pros to Duany and Plater-Zyberk's reading?
1. The Neighborhood because it helps with human activity (gatherings, festivals, socials) Close to workplaces, stores, banks, schools, and religious institutions. Edges are in the center, which create gatherings. Neighborhood streets are planned with residents in mind and provide equal opportunity for pedestrians.

2. The benefits of a district relate to the fact that it provides a connection of circulated movement to and from places which benefit the pedestrians. It also helps transits work sucessful and increases security.
What are the pros to Calthorpe and Fulton's reading?
1) Increases pedestrian safety and reduces emission throughout the city

2) To have a healthier city

3) Wanted to bring not only the city together but the citizens that reside in it as well
What are the pros to Jacobs and Appleyard's reading?
1) Identity & Control: A person's environment should give them a sense of identification and pride. People should feel responsible and involved in their community.

2) Environment For All: The good urban environment is one that somehow balances these goals, allowing individual and group identity while maintaining a public concern, encouraging pleasure while maintaining responsibility, remaining open to outsiders while sustaining a strong sense of localism.
What are the pros to Wheeler & Beatley's reading?
1) Makes everything work together

2) Less commuting

3) More social interaction

4) Helps the environment

5) Improves health of citizens
What are the pros to WECD's reading?
1) It gives all the opportunity to satisfy their aspirations for a better life

2) Children born today can expect to live longer and be better educated than their parents.

3) Creates many job opportunities

4) Examples of sustainable development Resilient infrastructure Solar energy Watercourse diversion
What are the cons to Olmsted's reading?
His argument was focused on parks and it didn't address other elements of city planning.
What are the cons to Howard's reading?
1) His plan is basically homeowners' association on steroids, he calls it a "quasi-public body," which owns all the land of the city and leases it out to residents.

2) He didn't plan for the locations of the many buildings that were to come in the future.
What are the cons to Le Corbusier's reading?
1) It attempted to confine too many people into a small region with the idea that it would minimize travel time, but ended up being rejected because people believed it would be too congested despite the revolutionized roads.

2) It would be too difficult to control the traffic in a city that densely populated.

3) Le Corbusier was unable to find sponsors for his radical design of contemporary cities; leading many to believe it wasn't a feasible plan. His plan often involved tearing down parts of existing cities to build his ideal city, which many opposed, including Jane Jacobs.
What are the cons to Wright's reading?
1) Wasteful of land, resources, etc.

2) Deeply individualistic
What are the cons to Duany and Plater-Zyberk's reading?
1) In the suburbs, having too many roads forces people to use public transportation, instead of being able to walk to and from point A and B.

2) In suburbs, traffic is typically put first, and pedestrians second due to the fact that they are assumed to be on "walkways" or non-existent.
What are the cons to Calthorpe and Fulton's reading?
1) Lots of time investment, and having mass numbers of people to come and move in.

2) To renovate the city it would be a fortune to have some new additions, and renovate existing structures/roads
What are the cons to Jacobs and Appleyard's reading?
1) Rootless Professionalism: Professional designers spreading a placeless culture, declining the local culture. Also losing their own preferences/beliefs to this placeness culture.

2) Poor Living Environments: As the city and private companies develop in various areas, they face issues with the surrounding neighborhoods.

3) Problems such as it being dangerous, a wasteland, noisy and polluted.

4)Travel around such cities has become more and more fatiguing and stressful.
What are the cons to Wheeler and Beatleys's reading?
1) Expensive to create (high taxes)

2) Needs government and community involvement

3) Extremely dense cities

4) Takes a long time for sustainable cities to work
What are the cons to WCED's reading?
1) The cost of the development of a sustainable economy is much higher than the cost of a non-environmentally friendly method.

2) It requires much more work

3) Financially less rewarding

4) Some technological developments may solve immediate problems but lead to an even greater ones.

5) It must not danger the natural systems that support life on Earth.

6) Nonrenewable resources
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