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JWST Unit 3

Terms in this set (28)

BILU
-a group of Jews who immigrated from Russia to Palestine
-"house of Jacob come let us go"
-wanted civil and political rights
Leo Pinkser's location and Argument
-After Alexander III takes power and persecuted the Jews, Leo Pinkser starts the idea of "auto-emancipation" where Jews must free themselves and set up a new state outside of Russia
Difference between First and Second Aliyah
-First Aliyah: The first migration of zionist movement from Russia Empire to Ottoman controlled Palestine (1882-1903)

-Second Aliyah: Second wave of jews from Russia to Palestine from 1904-1914
Theodore Herzl's significance
-Herzl was a jewish journalist sent to Paris as a to cover the Dreyfus Affair. After uncovering the Dreyfus affair he knew that the Jews needed their own political state
-started the world zionist movement in 1897
-som jews were hesitant to follow Herzl because they though the messiah needed to set up a state for them
Major basic developments in Zionism between 1881 and 1917
1894- The Dreyfus affair (a jewish member in the french military was accused of selling military secrets) changed Zionism into a political movement to find a safe homeland for the Jews
1903-Kishinev pogrom, many jews were killed in Russia
-jews needed to move out of Europe
What important shifts in Zionism and in Palestine occurred during WWI?
-Balfour Declaration: in 1917 the Brittish government sent a letter to the leader of the Jewish Army and made a public statement saying that Palestine would be a home for the Jews (even though Palestine was still under the ottoman empire.

-Sykes Picot Agreement: a secret agreement between Britain and France to break up the ottoman territory in the mediterranean in 1916
What is the significance of the Balfour Declaration, both positive and negative?
-1917 Public statement by Brittish government announcing support for a Jewish State
-allowed the jews to allie in obtaining their own land
-British had their own desires in mind
-in order to get British support, zionist movement had to align with British ideals to get their support over Palestine
What did the British hope to accomplish with the Balfour declaration?
British wanted a stronghold in the Middle East and to expand their imperialist interests
What is the Sykes Picot Agreement
-This was a secret agreement in 1916 between British and French to split up the ottoman territory in the mediterranean
-The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas.
-conflicted with pledges given by the British to the Arabs
Who is Vladimir Jabotinsky and what is the Iron Wall?
-a Russian Jewish zionist leader
-founder of the jewish self defense organization
-Iron Wall: an essay written by Jabotinsky saying that Palestinian Arabs will not allow Jews to be a majority of the state. Such an agreement is not possible. Due to this Vladimir proposed that the Jews build a military defense (iron wall) with the hopes of compelling palestinian arabs to loose abandon hopes of destroying the jewish state and negotiate with them about Jewish rights in Palestine
When was the goal of zionism fulfilled, when was Palestine established as a Jewish state (israel)?
1948
Not all Zionists supported Herzl; what are some alternative approaches taken by other Zionist theorists?
Some Jews thought that must wait for the messiah to establish a new Jewish state and get out Europe
What year was the state of Israel established?
1948
Years of WWI
July 28-1912 to November 11,1918
Hitlers Accession to Power
1919: Hitler Joins the German Workers party which eventually gets renamed to the Nazi Party in 1920
1924: Nazi Party takes part in national elections
1933: Hitler comes to power
Kristallnacht
November 9-10, 1938
Start of WWII
September 1, 1939

began with the invasion of Plane by the Nazis
Wannsee Conference
January 20, 1941

a meeting bw Nazi and SS leaders in a suburb of berlin to ensure coordinate the mass killing of Jews of German-occupied Europe, death camps were beginning to be set up in 1941
Weimar Republic
German government from 1919-1933

-allowed for small parties to come to power and eventually for the Nazi party to gain power. Jews were allowed equal rights under this govt system.
Mein Kampf:
-written in 1925 in Jail by Adolf Hitler
-Hitler was put on trial for an attempted Coup
-He writes about antisemitism while in jail
Heinrich Himmler
Leader of the Nazi SS; built extermination camps
Difference between death camps and concentration camps?
-Concentration camps were for labor and treated people terribly
-death camps were specifically made for the final solution to the jewish problem and contained gas chambers
What were some new findings in Browning's book?
-Nazi members were given the choice of not having to kill and still 80% chose to kill
-many stopped killing because of the physical repulsiveness of the action and would rather just gather and send Jews to concentration camps
-The police Battalion were from Hamburg which is a fairly anti-Nazi town
-Men used alcohol to numb the pain of killing
-Some say humanity in a German jew who spoke German to them
Why did Gotz Aly research the life of Marion Samuel?
He places an article in the German newspaper, searches through documents, finds train tickets of her relatives to glimpse in the lives of many jews that are resigned to oblivion
What were the dangers of the Samual family moving to a city (Berlin) during the Third Reich
-There were SS guards all around and Jews could easily be turned in by German neighbors.
-It was very easy to send a jew to a concentration camp once they were found in Berlin
What two events are connected to the city of Nuremberg?
Nuremberg Laws and the Nuremberg Trials
What is important about the Nuremberg Laws?
-They made the persecution of the jews the norm and Antisemitism allowed
-changed the life of jews dramatically both economically and socially
-made people wear a jew badge
-jews could not own stores, get an education, be a professor
-put jews in ghettos
what is genocide?
international action do destroy people based on ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality
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