lesson 7 gov

Terms in this set (50)

This is at the heart of the United States political system.

This guarantees that government cannot abuse the rights of individuals.

the Bill of Rights

This process extends the Bill of Rights to protect individuals from all levels of government.

Gitlow v. New York nationalized the Fourteenth Amendment over this issue.

freedom of speech

This allows citizens to take their cases to a higher court.

nationalization

Thomas Jefferson believed this builds a wall of separation between church and state.

First Amendment

Schools operated by a church or religious group are called

parochial schools

This allows student religious groups to meet in high schools receiving federal funds.

Equal Access Act

In Board of Education v. Allen, the Court upheld state programs to provide these to parochial schools.

secular textbooks

These cases illustrate how the Court can change its interpretation of the Constitution.

flag salute cases

The verbal expression of thought and opinion before an audience is

Expression involving actions and symbols is

symbolic speech

This urges resistance to lawful authority or advocates the overthrow of the government.

seditious speech

This holds that First Amendment freedoms are more fundamental than other freedoms.

preferred position doctrine

The Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier case gives school officials authority to regulate

These give reporters protection against being forced to disclose confidential information.

These have more First Amendment protection than broadcasters, but less than newspapers.

cable operators

The Court ruled that liberty of expression by these means is guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth amendments.

motion pictures

Congress passed the Communications Decency Act to deal with this.

This is considered commercial speech and is given less protection under the First Amendment.

Without this basic freedom, there would be no political parties.

freedom of assembly

Holocaust survivors in Skokie, Illinois, illustrated a free speech and assembly problem called the

This case stands as a precedent that police may disperse a demonstration to keep the peace.

the irving feiner case

Unless there is a labor dispute, the Court has upheld laws that prohibit

picketing near a public school

This was used by the Court to uphold the conviction of 11 American Communist Party leaders.

Alien Registration Act

Immigrants are these until they become naturalized citizens.

resident aliens

This term refers to a person living in the United States who is a citizen of a nation at war with the United States.

The state with the largest number of immigrants is

This law provided a way for illegal immigrants to become permanent residents.

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

By 1990, 85 percent of immigrants who came to the United States came from

Asia and Latin America

This legal process grants a person the rights and privileges of a citizen.

This makes state citizenship an automatic result of national citizenship.

Fourteenth Amendment

Through this process, a group of people become naturalized citizens.

collective naturalization

Giving up one's citizenship and living in another country is called

The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process is called

denaturalization

This rule holds that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a federal court.

exclusionary rule

To conduct wiretapping, eavesdropping, and electronic surveillances, you need

This principle means a person may not be tried twice for the same crime.

double jeopardy

This forbids cruel and unusual punishment.

Eighth Amendment

In Gregg v. Georgia, the Court ruled that under adequate guidelines, this is acceptable.

the death penalty

This means that the Court will uphold a state law that is based on reasonably related classification.

rational basis test

This classification is made on the basis of race or national origin.

suspect classification

These rights go to the heart of the United States system.

fundamental rights

Laws that classify people unreasonably are said to

be discriminatory

This overruled the separate-but-equal doctrine.

Brown v. Board of Education

When one qualified individual loses out to another because of race, ethnicity, or gender, it may be because of

affirmative action policies

The Reed decision created a new standard for judging constitutionality in these types of discrimination cases.

This act requires federal agencies to provide citizens access to public records.

Freedom of Information Act

This act allows your parents to check your school records.

Family Education Rights and Privacy Act

To protect consumers, this was rewritten in 1996.

fair credit reporting

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