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Chapter 3

Terms in this set (43)

paradoxical
term for REM sleep reflecting that the body is aroused but the muscles are relaxed
nicotine
widely used stimulant that is inhaled
delta
brain wave that predominates in Stage 4 sleep
LSD
powerful hallucinogen first used by Albert Hofmann
serial
type of precessing that describes how we deal with conscious information
spindle
type of brain wave that occurs during Stage 2 sleep
hypnagogic
Stage 1 dream sensation similar to a hallucination
barbiturates
also known as tranquilizers
depressant
drug category that includes alcohol
alpha
relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
amphetamines
drugs that "speed up" neural activity
opiates
drugs that depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain
information processing
theory suggesting that dreams help fix daily experiences in our memories
alcohol
drug that disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories
dopamine
neurotransmitter whose reuptake is blocked by cocaine
dissociation
divided consciousness (as during hypnosis)
heroin
depressant that causes a rush of euphoria
THC
active ingredient in marijuana
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
dual processing
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
REM sleep
a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; paradoxical sleep
circadian rhythm
the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks that may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
sleepwalking/talking
Stage 4 disorder
sleep paralysis
unable to get out of bed due to feeling pressure heavily weighing on your chest
night terrors
a sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, they occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered
dreams
hallucinations of the sleeping mind
manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
vivid dreams
dreams come from random bursts of energy, not external events
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
depressants
drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
stimulants
drugs (caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity an speed up body functions
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs (LSD) that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
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