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Cestodes

Terms in this set (87)

3 body regions of adult Tapeworms
-scholex
-neck
-strobila
Scolex has ____ attachment structures
3, acetabula (suckers), bothria (muscular grooves), hooks (on rostellum)
Neck of tapeworms
undifferentiated region between scolex and strobilia
proglottid
individual segment of tapeworm
(contains male and female repro organs, mature proglottids contain developed eggs)
Strobilia
main body of worm (linear series of proglottids)
T/F: tapeworms have a mouth and digestive tract
False: all nutrients are absorbed by tegument (surface area is increased by microtriches)
T/F: Tapeworms are monoecious
True: each proglottid contains one or two sets of male and female sex organs
Most common order of cestodes in veterinary medicine
Cyclophyllidae
Diagnostic difference between Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea
-pseudo: eggs in feces
-cyclo: proglottids in feces
Order Pseudophyllidea cestodes
-Spirometra mansonoides
-Spirometra mansoni
(stomach tapeworm of cats worldwide)
AKA "Zipper worm"
-Diphyllobothrium latum
-D. dendriticum
-D. ursi
Clinical signs of Spirometra
-usually none
-sometimes diarrhea
Diagnosis of Spirometra
-amber slightly asymetrical eggs in feces
-indisting operculum
-spent proglottids in feces
Treatment of Spirometra
Praziquantel (Droncit)
Public health concerns with Spirometra
-procercoids develop in humans
-plerocercoid resides in subcutis of human
Adult morphology of Diphyllobothrium spp.
Similar to Spirometra
Distribution of Diphyllobothrium spp.
-Pacific Northwest
-Great Lakes
-Canada
Most common Diphyllobothrium spp. in dogs of North America
D. dentriticum
First intermediate host of D. latum
copepod eats the coracidium
free-swimming larva of D. latum
coracidium
Diphyllobothrim latum common name
Broad fish tapeworm
2nd intermediate host of D. latum where procercoid develops
fish
Stage of D. latum that is ingested by definitive host
plerocercoid
Location of D. latum in definitive host
Plerocercoid attaches to lining of small intestine and grows into an adult
Clinical signs of Diphyllobothrium spp.
-usually none
-intestinal upset in humans
Diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium spp
amber, opercular, symmetrical eggs in feces with small knob protruding from opercular end
Treatment of Diphyllobothrium spp
praziquantel (Droncit)
Public health concerns of Diphyllobothrium spp
-humans are good definitive hosts
-prevent infection by eating only cooked and/or previously frozen fish
Order to which the Taenia genus belongs
Cyclophyllidea
Morphology of adult Taenia
-one genital pore per segment
Beef tapeworm
-Taenia saginata
(human = definitive host, cattle = intermediate host)
Pork tapeworm
-Taenia solium
(definitive host = humans, intermediate host = swine/humans)
Hosts of Taenia pisiformis
definitive = dogs
intermediate = rabbits
Hosts of Taenia hydatigena
definitve = sheep, cattle, pig
intermediate = dog, human
Life stage of Taenia that develops in the target tissue
Cysticerci
Location in host where cysticerci develops into an adult
small intestine
Taenia larval in cysts create what type of lesion on cuts of meat
"measly"
T/F: Taenia solium may cause neurological signs in human due to cysts in brain
True
Diagnosis of Taenia
-cysticerci seen at slaughter (intermediate host)
-proglottids in stool containing eggs (definitive hosts)
Hosts of Taenia saginata
definitive = human
intermediate = cattle
Hosts of Taenia solium
definitive = humans
intermediate = humans and pork
Treatments for Taenia spp.
-Praziquantel
-Epsiprantel (Cestex)
-Febantal (Vercom)
-Benzimidazoles
Control of Taenia
-toilets should be available
-prevent contamination of pastures with k9 or human feces
-curb hunting by dogs
-thoroughly cook meat
Larval form of Taenia taeniaformis
stobilocercus
Definitive host of Taenia taeniaformis
cats
Definitive hosts of Taenia serialis (Multiceps serialis)
-dog
-fox
Intermediate host of Taenia serialis
-rabbit
-hare
Definitive hosts of Taenia multiceps (Multiceps multiceps)
-dogs
-wild canids
Intermediate hosts Taenia multiceps
-sheep
-goats
T/F: Taenia multiceps can be responsible for meningoencephalitis in lambs
True: due to migrating larvae
Morphology of Echinococcus granulosus
-scolex with 4 suckers
-3-4 proglottids (terminal proglottid is gravid
Definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus
-dogs
-coyotes
-wolves
-wild canids
Intermediate host or Echinococcus granulosus
-sheep
-horses
-camels
-pigs
-wild ungulates
Diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus
-definitive host: eggs in feces
-intermediate host: necropsy, radiographys may be useful antemortem
Treatment of Echinococcus granulosus
-praziquantel
-benzimidazoles
T/F: the adult morphology of Echinococcus multilocularis is the same as E. granulosus
False: it is the same EXCEPT it is shorter
Definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis
-wild canids
-foxes
-dogs
-cats
Intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multiocularis
-rodents
-voles
-humans
Location where Echinococcus multiocularis encysts in host
liver (may become metastatic)
Diagnosis of Echinococcus multiocularis in definitive hosts
eggs in feces
(similar to E. granulosus)
Diagnosis of Echinococcus multiocularis in intermediate host (human)
-often confused with malignant cancer
-serology
-biopsy
-injection of suspect tissue in rodent
-look for protoscolices
Treatment of Echinococcus multiocularis in humans
surgery
Davainea proglottina adult morphology
-up to 6 proglottids
-suckers with small hooks
-genital pores, one per each proglottid
Definitive host of Davainea proglottina
-gallinaceous birds
-pigeons
Intermediate hosts of Davainea proglottina
-snail
-slug
Transmission of Davainea proglottina to intermediate hosts
gravid proglottids shed in bird feces and are ingested by snail
T/F: The larval form of Davainea proglottina is cysticercoid and this develops in intermediate hosts
True
Location of Davainea proglottina in definitive hosts
duodenum
Clinical signs of Davainea proglottina
-diarrhea
-poor growth
Diagnosis of Davainea proglottina
-proglottids in feces
-eggs occur singly in capsules
Which genuses belong to the family Davaineidae
-Davainea
-Raillietina
Adult morphology of Raillietina spp.
-larger to Davainea
-2 unarmed suckers
-genital pores alternat irregularly
Definitve hosts of Raillietina spp
-gallinaceous birds
-pigeons
Intermediate hosts of Raillietina spp
-ants
-beetle
Transmission of Raillietina to intermediate hosts
-protlottids in birds feces are ingested
What stage of Raillietina develops arthropod?
Cysticercoids
Location in definitive host where Raillietina is found
small intestine
Clinical signs of Raillientina spp
-enteritis
-poor weight gain
Most common cestode seen in veterinary practice
Dipylidium caninum
Adult morphology of Dipylidium caninum
-armed, retractble, pointed rostellum
-unarmed sucker
-2 genital pores per proglottid
Definitive hosts of Dipylidium caninum
-dogs
-cats
-foxes
-humans
Intermediate hosts of Dipylidium caninum
flea larvae
Location of Diplidium caninum in definitive host
small intestine
Clinical signs of Dipylidium caninum
-usually none, some enteritis
-pruritis ani (scooting)
Diagnosis of Dipylidium caninum
-cucumber seed shaped proglottids
-dried "rice-saped" proglottids stuck on hair of peri-anal area
-egg packets resemble Taenia spp. but occur in clusters
Treatment of Dipylidium caninum
-praziquantel, epsiprantel, febantal
-benzimidazole have poor efficacy
Control of Dipylidium caninum
flea control
Public health concerns with Dipylidium caninum
children may become infected with adult cestode after eating infected flea or louse
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