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PHOTO 1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Terms in this set (66)

Silver turns black when exposed to light
In the early 18th century, what did Johann Shultze discover that later became the
foundation for photography
Niepce
The first known photograph was an image taken outside his window in 1826 by this person
Camera obscura
The first recorded camera was a dark room with a hole in it
Louis Daguerre
He was responsible for the popular "daguerreotypes" of 1839 which were permanent images created on sheets of copper plated with silver.
Half tone printing
A method of printing photographs first used by a New York newspaper in 1880 using dots to create the image. It allowed photos to be printed quickly in newspapers and magazines.
George Eastman
He introduced the light weight box camera and established the Eastman Kodak Company.
Brownie camera
This camera was the most important camera in the history of photography because it brought photography to the general public
Eadweard Muybridge
The photographer of the late 1800's who is famous for his series of photos of a horse galloping which proved that all four hooves leave the ground, and continued to attempt to capture motion.
Contrast filters
Create more contrast in the print by filtering out light
00, 0, ½, 1½ , 2, 2 ½, 3, 3½, 4, 4 ½ , 5
The numbers of the contrast filters in a set
# 5 contrast filter
The filter that would be best to improve a negative that is very flat (little contrast)
Burning and dodging
When would photographers use the technique of burning and dodging, To darken or lighten an area of a print by adding or subtracting exposure. In the darkroom with the enlarger - adding and holding back light/ giving different amounts of light to a picture.
Dodging
Reduces the amount of light to lighten up one area of the photo or image.
Vignette
A photograph whose edges shade off gradually usually in a round shape.
Leading lines
Lines the eye follows in a photograph, particularly lines running from the foreground to the background, that lead the eye into the image or to the center of interest.
Framing
The composition technique using objects in your photo to frame your subject, creating depth and interest.
Gordon Parks
African American photographer, that later became film maker. He used photography as a tool against racial discrimination.
Leading looks
Compositional technique used by the photographer to give the subject room to look into.
Cropping
The process of cutting out unwanted negative space in a photograph.
Rule of thirds
A composition rule that divides the image into thirds horizontally and vertically. The center of interest is located at one of the four intersections of the horizontal and vertical lines.
Center of interest
Primary subject of the image and is first to capture attention.
1/60 of a second
The number 60 on the shutter speed control of a manual camera indicates this.
ASA or ISO
Film speed rating. How sensitive the film or CCD device is to light.
ASA: film speed
ISO: light sensitivity
Shutter speed
The amount of time the shutter inside the camera is open to expose your photo.
Shutter speed numbers
Regulate how long the shutter stays open. They are fractions of a second.
Shorter
The larger the shutter speed number (like 1000 as opposed to 60), the ___________ the amount of exposure time.
400 ISO
______ is the better film speed for low light situations because it is more sensitive to light, stopping motion because fastest speed, and high ASA.
Adobe Photoshop CS5
The name of the computer software we use to edit and enhance our photos.
Layers
One of the major components that is unique to Photoshop. They are like transparent sheets of plastic that are stacked on top of each other.
Levels adjustment
In Photoshop, we can adjust the contrast or value of the photo by using this adjustment.
Histogram
Graphic representation of the distribution of values, lights and darks, in an image.
Burn
To darken a specific area of a print by giving it additional printing exposure.
Silhouette
An outline of an object with no detail that appears solid & dark against a light background.
Backlighting
Light that comes from behind the person or object often creating a silhouette around that subject.
Early morning or late evening
Best time of day to capture interesting shadows in our photos.
Composition
The arrangement of the elements of art in an image.
Dynamic composition
Elements are arranged to lead the eye around the image.
Negative space
Empty space around an object.
f1.4, f2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22
The manual camera's f/stops in their proper order. Lowest number (1.4,2,2.8 etc.) lets in the most light because it has a larger hole and thus has a shallow depth of field. Highest number (11,16,22 etc.) lets in the least light because it has a smaller hole and thus deep depth of view.
twice as much light
An aperture of f/4 lets in _____________ as
f/ 5.6.
Aperture ring
The ring located on the outside of the lens, usually behind the focusing ring. It controls the size of the aperture opening.
f stops
Aperture settings or sizes [large numbers equal smaller aperture, while small numbers equal larger aperture]
Short depth of field
When the area that's in focus is short. (f1.8, f2.8, f4)
Shutter speed dial
Controls how fast the shutter oepns and closes to expose light to the film. presented in fractions of a second
ASA/ISO indicator
Film speed is set on the camera's _________________.
Easel
Darkroom accessory used to hold printing paper flat and in place under the enlarger when making a print.
B, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 125, 250, 500, 1000
The basic shutter speeds in their proper order. Highest number (125,250,500,1000 etc.) is the fastest speed which will stop and freeze motion. Lowest number (1,2,4,5.6,8,15,30,60 etc.) is the slowest speed which will blur motion.
1/60
To avoid blur, one should not hand-hold a camera with the shutter speed set slower than this.
Long depth of field
When a long distance, both foreground and background, is in focus in the photograph. (f22, f16, f11)
Telephoto lens
A long lens with a long focal length that makes objects appear larger. It gives a narrower than normal field of view, and compresses depth in space, appearing to bring distant subjects nearer, and giving the image a flattened effect (opposite of wide-angle photography).
Wide angle, normal, telephoto, macro
Main types of camera lens
Focal length
The distance between a lens and the focal plane, which is the film or CCD device.
Wide angle lens
Lens with short focal length; usually around 25mm. It has a wide angle of view; exaggerates depth; subjects look farther apart.
Normal lens
A lens that shows objects without severe distortion; usually around 50mm in length.
Zoom lens
A lens with a focal length that can be changed during a shot.
Shutter
a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure
Aperture
opening; hole; adjustable opening in a camera that limits the amount of light. Controls depth of field.
4 Basic Parts of the Camera
light tight box/camera body, film, lens, shutter
Emulsion of Photo Paper
shiny side up
Emulsion of Film
dull side, facedown
Film Overcoat
the protective coating to prevent scratches on emulsion below.
Film Base
firm but flexible clear plastic provides support and dimensional stability.
Film Emulsion
where the image is formed: 60% gelatin, 40% light.
Film Anti-halation Backing
prevents light from reflecting back through the emulsion that causes halos
Film Adhesive
bonds emulsion to the film base.
Order of chemicals when developing film
developer, stop bath, fixer, hypo clear, water rinse, water wash, photo flo
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