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Chapter 2 vocabulary updated

Terms in this set (39)

Overpopulation
occurs when the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Census
a complete enumeration of a population (The single most important data source for population geography)
Ecumene
The areas of Earth that humans consider too harsh for occupancy have diminished over time, whereas the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement has increased
Arithmetic Density
the total number of objects in an area
Physiological Density
The number of people supported by a unit of arable land
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
life expectancy (longevity rate)
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
used to measure the number of births in a society. demographers look statistically at how people are distributed spatially by age, gender, occupation, fertility, health and so on.
demographic transition
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
Industrial Revolution (not part of KBAT)
period of major industrialization that took place in the 1700s and early 1800s that included major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to market.
Medical Revolution (not part of KBAT)
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
zero population growth
A country reaches stage 4 of the demographic transition when the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR (natural increase rate) approaches zero.
sex ratio
the ratio of males per 100 females in the population.
maternal mortality rate (not on KBAT)
annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management.
Population Pyramid
a bar graph that displays the percentage of a place's population for each age and gender
dependency ratio
the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years (number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force)
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births
Elderly support ratio (not on KBAT)
The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older.
Epidemiologic Transition
focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition
Thomas Malthus
one of the first to argue that the world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
Child Mortality Rate
number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
Natalism
a belief that promotes human reproduction. anti nationalists are concerned with limiting population growth. pro-natalists are an attitude or policy that encourages childbearing.
Age Distribution
a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid
Cairo Conference
November, 1943 - A meeting of Allied leaders Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek in Egypt to define the Allies goals with respect to the war against Japan, they announced their intention to seek Japan's unconditional surrender and to strip Japan of all territory it had gained since WW I.
carrying capacity
The maximum amount of people that the Earth/an area can hold
Contraception
Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring
Cornucopians
People who were against the ideas of Malthus
demographic equation
NIR = CBR - CDR
j- curve
curve showing J-shaped or exponential growth
Neomalthusians
DEF -They support international programs for population limitation through birth control and family planning.
Many "___", advocate "Zero Population Growth" in which the number of births and immigrants are equally counteracted by the number of deaths and emigrants.
population agglomerations
A cluster of people living in the same area.
population center (of a region)
a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population
replacement fertility
the total fertility rate (TFR) that maintains a stable population size
S-curve
a curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an "S"
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