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BIOLOGY - UNIT 1: TAXONOMY: KEY TO ORGANIZATION PLANT AND ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION

Terms in this set (51)

characteristic
Features which identify and distinguish one living thing from another.
dichotomous key
A two-choice sorting device used in taxonomy to identify taxa, genus species, or common names of plant or animal specimens.
key
A sorting device made up of a system of choices, as used in taxonomy.
A key is used to identify a plant or animal.
true
Discerning between common characteristics is one advantage of a dichotomous key.
true
characteristics that help to identify organisms through a plant key:
color, shape, size, and organization
Which statement is most correct regarding the difference between plants and animals?
they are greatly different
An organism which is capable of moving around its environment is considered to be:
an animal
Both animals and plants depend upon ______ for reproduction?
a genetic code for reproduction
animal characteristics:
saclike body or tube-within-a-tube
segmented or nonsegmented
presence or absence of digestive system
type of symmetry--radial, bilateral, asymmetrical
presence or absence of appendages
number of legs
exoskeleton or endoskeleton
type of body covering
patterns or coloration
teeth patterns
special abilities such as flight or swimming
Characteristics common to plants and animals regarding growth and reproduction are ______.
cells
protoplasm
DNA
genes
age
response to stimuli
food (required)
wastes (removal)
respiration (required)
Here are only a few of the characteristics which a taxonomist might choose in constructing a plant classification:
presence or absence of conductive tissue
presence or absence of seeds
cones or flowers
leaves with parallel veins or netted veins
flower color
type of flower
type of fruit
leaf arrangement
leaf shape
special features such as thorns or tendrils
Plant Kingdom
plantae
Plant Division
Tracheophyta
Plant Class
Angiospermae
Plant Subclass
Monocotyledoneae
Plant Order
Commelinales
Plant Family
Poaceae
Plant Genus
Zea
Plant Species
Zea mays
Plantae
Organisms that usually have chlorophyll and cell walls. These organisms usually make their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Tracheophyta
These are vascular plant, meaning they have special food-and water-conducting tissues called phloem and xylem.
Angiospermae
Flowering plants. The seeds of these plants are enclosed or covered by the ovary of the flower.
Commelinales
These are monocots with fibrous leaves. Some flower parts may be missing; some may be fused together.
Poaceae
The grass family has only monocots with hollow stems and greenish flowers with flower parts like petal missing. The fruit is a grain or caryopsis.
Zea
Large grasses with separate pollen and seed flower clusters (the tassel and the ear). The grain is enclosed by leafy
husks.
Zea mays
Corn Zez [grain, Greek]; mays [Indian corn, Spanish]
Animal Kingdom
Animalia
Animal Phylum
Chordata
Animal Class
Amphibia
Animal Order
Salientia
Animal Family
Ranidae
Animal Genus
Rana
Animal Species
Rana pipiens
Animalia
Organisms that are dependent on other animals or plants for food.
Lack cell walls. Usually capable of locomotion or movement.
Chordata
Develop notochord and later vertebrae for backbone body
support. Spinal cord or one nerve cord down back.
Amphibia
Organisms covered with soft, moist, glandular skin; no scales; eggs with gelatinous covering; three-chambered heart. Young usually aquatic breathing through gills; adults living on land breathing through lungs.
Salientia
Head and body are fused with no obvious neck, no tail. Front legs short, hind legs long for leaping; webs between toes. Metamorphosis obvious from tadpole to adult.
Ranidae
True frogs. Smooth skin, narrow waist, long legs; toes with webs, fingers separate. Teeth in upper jaw. Eggs in tapioca-like masses.
Rana
Fingers and toes without end discs. Some with, others without, lateral ridges. Edible frog legs.
Rana pipiens
Leopard Frog Rana [frog, Latin]; pipiens [frog, Surinam]
-a or-ata endings
are used for phylum
-a or -ea
are used for class
ea, or -i
are used for order
-ae
is used for family
Only the taxa of "family" and "species" can be identified by the unique ending of _____
"ae" or the binomial requirement for the naming of the species.
-ophyta (plant)
division ending
-ae, or -eae (plant)
class ending
-ales (plant)
order ending
-aceae (plant)
the usual family ending
Notice also that all taxa names are italicized (or underlined) and that the species name also includes the genus name.
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