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AP Psych Unit 2

Terms in this set (42)

hindsight bias
("I knew it all along" phenomenon) the tendency to believe, after leaning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
"curious skepticism" questions
what do you mean? how do you know?
"humility" in scientific practice
knowing our vulnerabilities to error and being open to surprises and new perspectives
critical thinking
way of thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. it rather examines assumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
scientific attitude
curiosity, skepticism, humility
theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition
a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. for example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
case study
a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
naturalistic observation
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
survey
a technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
sampling bias
a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
population
all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
random sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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