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Health Chapter 10 Nutrition Study Guide

Terms in this set (28)

Nutrient
A substance in foods that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.
Nutrition
Process by which the body takes in and uses nutrients
Osteoporosis
A condition in which a significant loss of bone mass causes bones to become weak and break easily.
Six basic nutrients: Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein, vitamins, Minerals, Water.
Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins - nutrients used by the body as a source of energy. Food affects how you look and feel, how well you resist disease, and even how well you perform mentally and physically by providing your body with nutrients.
Calorie
A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food.
Hunger
The natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food.
Appetite
The psychological desire for food.
Fat
A nutrient that supplies energy, forms cells, maintains body temperature, and protects nerves.
Saturated Fats
That are usually solid at room temperature, animal fats, such as lard, and dairy products.
Unsaturated Fats
That are usually liquid at room temperature, found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
Trans Fats
Formed by a process called hydrogenation, which causes vegetable oil to harden.
carbohydrate
A nutrient that supplies energy for the body functions. Your body uses carbohydrates by breaking them down into sugars.
Fiber
A type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants and is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system.
Protein
A nutrient that is needed for growth and repair of body tissues.
Amino acid
Small units that are bound together chemically to form proteins
Vitamins
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and help regulate many body processes. One of the main functions of vitamins is to help body use other nutrients. Vitamins called antioxidants help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer. It is important to eat foods that supply water-soluble vitamins every day because they cannot be stored in the body. An excess of vitamins or minerals may damage your health.
Minerals
Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil and are required only in small amounts. Very heavy perspiring or severe diarrhea can result in a serious reduction in the body's water content known as Dehydration. The following is a good way for a 16 year old girl to prevent dehydration: Avoid drinking lots of caffeinated liquids like coffee, tea, or soda. Drink at least nine cups of water a day. Take a drink about every 15 minutes of exercise. Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Caffeine
A substance that eliminates water from your body, so caffeinated drinks can actually make you dehydrated.
Dehydration
A serious reduction in the body's water content.
Nutrient-dense foods contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories. Low-fat yogurt is an example of a nutrient-dense food.
preferring certain foods because you've grown up eating them is an example of the influence of family.
MyPlate
An interactive guide to healthful eating and active living. To help people plan their meals and snacks, the USDA has designed. Vegetables food group triangle in MyPlate is largest. Dairy according to the My Plate plan, should make up the smallest portion of a teenager's diet.
Item
An object of concern or interest.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
A set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans. Dietary guidelines for americans document recommends that teenagers be active for 60 minutes most days. The dietary guidelines outline four basic steps for keeping food safe: clean, separate, cook, and chill.
Food Intolerance
A negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system. Food intolerance is more common than a food allergy.
Food Allergy
A condition in which the body's immune system reacts to a substances in some foods.
Cross-Contamination
The spreading of pathogens from one food to another
Foodborne illness
Food poisoning. Washing hands, produce, utensils, and surfaces carefully is the first step in preventing foodborne illness.
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