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Anatomical Test #1

Terms in this set (80)

Definition: Lateral
furthest from the midline
Definition: Medial
- relating to the middle or center
Definition: Deep
- beneath or below surface
Definition of superficial
-near the surface
Definition: anteromedial
in front and towards the midline
Definition: anterolateral
in front and to the outside
Definition: posteroinferior
behind and below
Definition: posteriorsupesior
behind and at the upper part
Definition: Superolateral
above and to the outside
Definition: Supramedial
above and toward the midline/ inside
Definition: contralateral
relating to the opposite side
Definition: Ipsilateral
on the same side
Definition: prone
body lying facedown
Definition: supine
lying on back
Definition: proximal
-nearest to the trunk or point of origin
Definition: distal
- further away from the point of origin or midline
Definition: bilateral
- relating to the right and left sides
Definition: sinister
referring to the left
Definition: dorsal
relating to the back
Definition: ventral
relating to the belly
Tendons connect ________ to ______.?
muscles to bone
Ligaments connect ______ to ______?
bone to bone
Aponeurosis binds _____ together?
muscle to bone in tendons
The insertion is also called ____ attachment of muscles?
the distal attachment
The origin is also called______ attachment of muscle?
the proximal attachment
The origin is typical the _____ movable part?
least movable part
The insertion is typical the ____ movable part?
most movable part
What is an agonist muscle?
- muscle that causes joint motion ( prime movers/ muscle most involved)
What is an antagonist muscle?
A muscle that relaxes during joint movement

Allows the movement to happen
What is a uniarticular muscle?
- cross on only the joint they cross
What is a biarticular muscle?
-cross and act on 2 different joints
What is a multiarticular muscle?
- cross and act on 3 or more different joints
Which diarthrodial joint is most movable?
- the ball and socket
What joint type is the knee?
hinge joint
Where is the seller joint?
in the thumb
What joint type is the elbow?
hinge joint
What tool do we use to measure ROM?
a goniometer
Definition and example: Flexion
- bending movement that decreases the angle of a joint

EX: elbow joint when hand is drawn to shoulder
Definition and example: Extension
- straightening movement that results in an increase in joint angle

EX: elbow joint when hand moves away from shoulder
Definition and example: Abduction
- lateral movement away from midline or trunk

EX: raising arms to side laterally
Definition and example: Adduction
- movement medially towards the midline of trunk

EX: lowering arm to side
Definition and example: Internal rotation
- rotary movement around longitudinal axis of bone towards midline of body

EX:
Definition and example: External rotation
- rotary movement around longitudual axis of bone away from midline of body

EX:
Definition and example: Planter flexion
- extension movement of ankle that results in foot moving away from body

EX: pointing toe
Definition and example: Dorsiflexion
- flexion movement of angle that results in top foot moving towards anterior tibia bone

EX: heel walks
Definition and example: pronation
- internally rotating radius where it lies diagonally across ulna

EX: placing palms down
Definition and example: supination
- externally rotating radius where it lies parallel to ulna

EX: palm up
Definition and example: lumbar flexion
...
Definition and example: reduction
...
Where is the best center of gravity?
- with the most points of contact
Endochondral bones develop from _____?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the outer surface of the diaphysis called?
Periosteum
What is the wall of the diaphysis called?
Cortex
What is inside the cortex of the diaphysis?
Endosteum
What is inside the walls of the diaphysis?
Yellow marrow
What is the center of the diaphysis called?
Medullary cavity
What is a tubercle?
- smaller bump
What is a trochanter?
- very large bump
What is a tuberosity?
- large bump
What is a fossa?
- a sooth, hollow surface
What are the 3 types of pennate fibers and describe them?
Unipennate: run obliquely from a tendon on one side

Bipennate: run obliquely on both sides of a tendon

Multipennate: have several fibers running diagonally in between them
Definition and example: isometric
...
Definition and example: concentric
- muscle has enough tension to overcome a resistance as it shortens

EX: lifting phase of bicep curl
Definition and example: eccentric
- muscle lengthens under tension

EX: lowering barbell in bicep curl
What is the stretch reflex?
...
How do we use the stretch reflex to get a response from the body?
...
What is the protector muscle called?
Golgi tendon organ
A positive contraction is also known as ___?
...
A negative contraction is also known as ___?
...
Contraction with no velocity is ____?
...
Define levers: 1st class
Axis between force and resistance

FAR
Define levers: 2nd class
resistance between axis and force

ARF
Define levers: 3rd class
force between axis and resistance

AFR
What lever gives us the most mechanical advantage?
...
Which lever gives us the most mechanical disadvantage?
...
Which lever is the most common in the body?
3rd
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
- protection
- structural support
- muscular attachment
- hemopoiesis
- storage
Frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back portions.

SAGITTAL AXIS
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right

FRONTAL AXIS
transverse plane
line that divides the body into upper and lower sections

VERTICAL AXIS
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