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EVR 1001 Exam 1 Study Guide - Chapter 3

Terms in this set (72)

1. Part A. Where are the Solomon Islands located?
in the South Pacific
1. Part B. Scientists studying evolution on the Solomon Islands described which animal as the 'poster child' for the biological species concept?
white - eyed bird
1. Part C. Based on the video, what can you infer about speciation--the process by which one species splits into two or more species?
Physical separation of populations is often part of the speciation process.
1. Part D. Why did the biologists consider a frog that they found to be a new species?
its call was unique
1. Part E. When Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, he knew very little about the subject of _____, an essential component of evolutionary theory today.
genetics
2. Part A. The evolution of populations due to chance is
genetic drift
2. Part B. If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles,
the frequency of the green allele will increase.
2. Part C. In a population with brown and green alleles for color, genetic drift
has more effect on the evolution of a small population.
2. Part D. Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which of the following statements is correct?
Gene flow causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase.
2. Part E. Remember that color is an inherited trait in beetles. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
Green beetles leave more offspring than brown beetles bc they are better at finding food
3. In the initial fly population prior to the isolation, it is safe to assume that ________.
the population is interfertile, i.e. any male could successfully mate with any female
4. In order for two organisms to belong to the same species, individuals of their species must __________.
be able to reproduce and have fertile offspring
5. Which of the following is an example of selective breeding (artificial selection) by humans?
the diversity of dog breeds in the world today
6. ___________ is the only process that can change a gene's DNA and therefore give rise to new variations of the gene.
mutation
7. Which statement below most accurately describes a phylogenetic tree?
A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram used to illustrate a scientist's hypothesis about how divergence took place among evolutionary lines.
8. The sixth mass extinction event is likely being caused by __________.
human induced events
9. Which of the following populations would be most vulnerable to extinction?
a small, endemic population
10. The arctic fox and gray fox evolved from the same species over thousands of years. Can you place these steps in the process of allopatric speciation along the timeline?
look at snipping folder
11. Part A.Which of the following events could NOT be caused by a population bottleneck?
increased population size
11. Part B.Which of the following statements about the amoeba population described at the end of the tutorial is true?
It is more vulnerable to extinction due to lack of genetic variation.
11. Part C.True or False. In the example described in the tutorial, the red amoebas survived the catastrophic event, and all future generations of amoebas were red because the red amoebas had a higher reproductive rate than the blue ones.
False
12. Drag the labels onto the flowchart to place them in the correct sequence.
13. The fossil record clearly shows that ________.
all species evolve from pre-existing species
14. Heavy rains and mudslides cause a river to change course, isolating two groups of lizards of the same species from one another. Over a long period of time ________.
the groups will probably diverge genetically, and speciation may occur.
15. In a population of field mice, an example of an adaptive trait that could help with reproduction and/or survival would be ________.
having a bit more fur to withstand cold weather
16. A species has evolved an asexual mode of reproduction by having offspring develop from unfertilized eggs. Which of the following will be true of this species' response to natural selection?
There will be less genetic variation from sexual recombination and a risk of not adapting quickly to environmental change.
17. Which of the following is the broadest (most all-encompassing) level of ecological organization?
the biosphere
18. Which of the following is considered a community?
several interacting species living in the same area
19. Drag each level of ecological organization on the left to the example of that level on the right.
20. Extinction is ________.
the disappearance of a species from Earth
21. Which of the following is true?
Species on Earth today are but a fraction of all species that ever lived.
22. Endemic species ________.
are found only in one place on the planet
23. Territoriality generally results in what kind of population distribution?
uniform
24.The logistic growth curve can be said to appear similar to __________.
the letter S.
25. __________ is the number of individuals in a population per unit area.
Population size
26. Which of the following best represents the overall growth rate of a population?
(birth rate - death rate) + (immigration rate - emigration rate)
27. Density-dependent factors __________.
have a greater impact at higher population densities
28. If we ignore the effects of migration when determining population growth rates, we would calculate the population's __________, which equals __________.
rate of natural increase; (birth rate) - (death rate)
29. Which of the following would be a limiting factor for a population of dolphins in the ocean?
numbers of fish that dolphin prey on
30. If a population had a carrying capacity of 1000 individuals, which of the following populations would be experiencing the greatest rate of growth as a percentage of the current population size?
a population of 10 people
31. Drag the correct label under each graph to identify the type of population growth shown.
32. Drag the correct labels onto the graph showing two different patterns of population growth. Label the horizontal and vertical axes first.
33. Part A. Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics:
Birth rate = 14 per 1,000/year
Death rate = 6 per 1,000/year
Immigration rate = 5 per 1,000/year
Emigration rate = 1 per 1,000/year
What is the growth rate for this population?
12 per 1,000/yr
33. Part B. Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics:
Birth rate = 11 per 1,000/year
Death rate = 10 per 1,000/year
Immigration rate = 4 per 1,000/year
Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year
What is the growth rate for this population?
2 per 1,000/year
33. Part C.Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics:
Birth rate = 10 per 1,000/year
Death rate = 12 per 1,000/year
Immigration rate = 2 per 1,000/year
Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year
What is the growth rate for this population?
-3 per 1,000 / year
33. Part D. Growth rates are often presented as percentages, which are calculated by multiplying the growth rate (per 1,000 individuals per year) by 100:
growth rate/1,000 × 100 = growth rate (%)
For a population with a growth rate of 12 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?
1.2%
33. Part E. For a population with a growth rate of 2 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?
.02%
33. Part. F.For a population with a growth rate of −3 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?
-.3%
34. A population is a group of ________.
individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area
35. The functional role of a species in its community is its ________.
niche
36. The carrying capacity is the ________.
maximum sustainable population size that a given environment can support
37. Density-dependent factors ________.
include the effect of disease, predators, and food on a single species within a community
38. Which of the following is accurate?
Ecotourism combines wildlife conservation with economic benefits.
39. An example of a density-independent factor would be ________.
cold weather causing a lake to freeze
40. A coyote, which can alter its food intake to match seasonal abundance of plants, fruits, or small animals, is considered to be ________.
a generalist, able to be flexible in major dimensions of its niche
41. Of the following, ________ are the major factors that determine a population's growth rate.
birth rate, death rate, emigration, and immigration
42. In ecology, a ________ is made up of interacting populations of different species that inhabit the same area.
community
43. When the organisms of a particular population seek habitats or resources that are unevenly spaced, the distribution of the individuals in the population is ________.
clumped
44. Between 1907 and 1923, cattle grazing in the Kaibab National forest in Arizona was greatly reduced, deer hunting was eliminated, and predators were killed. Over 600 cougars, 11 wolves (most had already been killed in the 1800s), and 3000 coyotes were trapped or shot. In response, the deer herd began to increase. By 1915, the deer were estimated at 25,000; by 1920 at 50,000; and by 1923 at approximately 100,000.


Which of these graphs shows the Kaibab deer
A J-shaped upward curve with a very rapid increase.
45. Between 1907 and 1923, cattle grazing in the Kaibab National forest in Arizona was greatly reduced, deer hunting was eliminated, and predators were killed. Over 600 cougars, 11 wolves (most had already been killed in the 1800s), and 3000 coyotes were trapped or shot. In response, the deer herd began to increase. By 1915, the deer were estimated at 25,000; by 1920 at 50,000; and by 1923 at approximately 100,000.


What is going to happen to the area resources for deer after 1923?
The deer herd continues to increase, so the resources will continue to be damaged
46. Which of the following would protect Earth's biodiversity?
All of the listed responses are correct
47.Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right.
48. Part A. A recent study indicated which of the following?
FIND THIS ONE LATER
48. Part B.Which of the following do whitebark pines depend on for seed dispersal?
birds
48. Part C. Which of the following is true regarding assisted migration?
It is considered assisted migration only if a species is moved out of its existing range.
48. Part D. You work for the United States Forest Service and are in charge of managing a stand of whitebark pines. Which of the following will you need to do to stimulate the seedlings to grow?
Introduce mountain pine beetles. -idk though watch video maybe
48. Part E. If the United States follows Canada, what will happen?
The white bark pine will be listed as endangered.
49. Part A.
Coral takes in Carbon 14 through the water while sea turtles take it in through their diet.
49. Part B.
shells
49. Part C.
both plant and animal material
49. Part D.
legal hunting
49. Part E.
loggerheads will mature faster in captivity than in the wild
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